Python GUI工具集包括Tkinter、wxPython、PyGTK、PyQt、PySide五种；由于早年学习过Qt，PyQt GUI界面可以通过Qt Designer设计，故选择PyQt；PyQt是Python编程语言和Qt库的成功融合。PyQt向Python程序员提供了使用完整Qt应用程序接口的方法。您几乎可以用Python做任何C++能做的事。既然是应用程序接口，用C++或是Python都是一样的。对我来说作为一种编程语言，python相对于c++的优点是在编程效率上。您可以看到标准的Qt例子移植到PyQt后的代码。它们具有相同的功能，使用相同的应用程序接口，但Python版的代码只有原来的50-60%，而且它们更容易阅读。
PyQt开发工具下载地址，安装包中自带Qt Designer
https://riverbankcomputing.com/software/pyqt/download 点击打开链接
python扩展名 1. *.py py就是最基本的源码扩展名。windows下直接双击运行会调用python.exe执行; 2. *.pyw pyw是另一种源码扩展名，跟py唯一的区别是在windows下双击pyw扩展名的源码会调用pythonw.exe执行源码，这种执行方式不
会有命令行窗口；主要用于GUI程序发布时不需要看到控制台信息的情况； 3. *.pyc 在执行python代码时经常会看到同目录下自动生成同名的pyc文件。这是python源码编译后的字节码，一般会在代码执行时自动
生成你代码中引用的py文件的pyc文件。这个文件可以直接执行，用文本编辑器打开也看不到源码； 4. *.pyo pyo是跟pyc类似的优化编码后的文件。 开发纯图形界面程序的时候，推荐暂时把 .pyw 改成 .py，以便运行时能调出控制台窗口，看到所有错误信息，方便除虫Debug。
1. 第一个PyQt程序---hello kitty
__author__ = 'lightd1122@gmail.com' import sys from PyQt4 import QtGui app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv) btn = QtGui.QPushButton("Hello Kitty!") btn.show() sys.exit(app.exec_()) 保存为firt_pyqt.py,直接双击或者命令行下运行
2. 将Qt Designer的UI文件转化为py文件
用编辑器打开UI文件，其实是xml类型文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <ui version="4.0"> <class>Dialog</class> <widget class="QDialog" name="Dialog"> <property name="geometry"> <rect> <x>0</x> <y>0</y> <width>400</width> <height>300</height> </rect> </property> <property name="windowTitle"> <string>Dialog</string> </property> <widget class="QPushButton" name="pushButton"> <property name="geometry"> <rect> <x>130</x> <y>130</y> <width>75</width> <height>23</height> </rect> </property> <property name="text"> <string>hello world</string> </property> </widget> </widget> <resources/> <connections/> </ui> 命令行下转换：
C:\Python27\Lib\site-packages\PyQt4\uic\pyuic.py -o c:\first_qt.py c:\first_pyqt.ui 得到first_qt.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # Form implementation generated from reading ui file 'c:\first_pyqt.ui' # # Created by: PyQt4 UI code generator 4.11.4 # # WARNING! All changes made in this file will be lost! from PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui try: _fromUtf8 = QtCore.QString.fromUtf8 except AttributeError: def _fromUtf8(s): return s try: _encoding = QtGui.QApplication.UnicodeUTF8 def _translate(context, text, disambig): return QtGui.QApplication.translate(context, text, disambig, _encoding) except AttributeError: def _translate(context, text, disambig): return QtGui.QApplication.translate(context, text, disambig) class Ui_Dialog(object): def setupUi(self, Dialog): Dialog.setObjectName(_fromUtf8("Dialog")) Dialog.resize(400, 300) self.pushButton = QtGui.QPushButton(Dialog) self.pushButton.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(130, 130, 75, 23)) self.pushButton.setObjectName(_fromUtf8("pushButton")) self.retranslateUi(Dialog) QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(Dialog) def retranslateUi(self, Dialog): Dialog.setWindowTitle(_translate("Dialog", "Dialog", None)) self.pushButton.setText(_translate("Dialog", "hello world", None)) 添加头文件和main函数
import sys from PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui
if __name__ == '__main__': app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv) mainWindow = QtGui.QDialog() myWindow = Ui_Dialog() myWindow.setupUi(mainWindow) mainWindow.show() sys.exit(app.exec_()) 修改后的文件second_pyqt.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # Form implementation generated from reading ui file 'c:\first_pyqt.ui' # # Created by: PyQt4 UI code generator 4.11.4 # # WARNING! All changes made in this file will be lost! import sys from PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui try: _fromUtf8 = QtCore.QString.fromUtf8 except AttributeError: def _fromUtf8(s): return s try: _encoding = QtGui.QApplication.UnicodeUTF8 def _translate(context, text, disambig): return QtGui.QApplication.translate(context, text, disambig, _encoding) except AttributeError: def _translate(context, text, disambig): return QtGui.QApplication.translate(context, text, disambig) class Ui_Dialog(object): def setupUi(self, Dialog): Dialog.setObjectName(_fromUtf8("Dialog")) Dialog.resize(400, 300) self.pushButton = QtGui.QPushButton(Dialog) self.pushButton.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(130, 130, 75, 23)) self.pushButton.setObjectName(_fromUtf8("pushButton")) self.retranslateUi(Dialog) QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(Dialog) def retranslateUi(self, Dialog): Dialog.setWindowTitle(_translate("Dialog", "Dialog", None)) self.pushButton.setText(_translate("Dialog", "hello world", None)) if __name__ == '__main__': app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv) mainWindow = QtGui.QDialog() myWindow = Ui_Dialog() myWindow.setupUi(mainWindow) mainWindow.show() sys.exit(app.exec_()) 3. 动态加载UI文件，实现代码与界面分离
__author__ = 'lightd1122@gmail.com' import sys from PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui, uic if __name__ == '__main__': app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv) mWindow = uic.loadUi('first_pyqt.ui') mWindow.show() sys.exit(app.exec_()) 保存为third_pyqt.py
4. PyQt中使用信号与槽
__author__ = 'lightd1122@gmail.com' import sys from PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui if __name__ == '__main__': app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv) btn = QtGui.QPushButton("Hello Kitty!") btn.show() app.connect(btn, QtCore.SIGNAL("clicked()"), app, QtCore.SLOT("quit()")) app.exec_() 保存为four_pyqt.py
