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本文作者:小雷FansUnion-一个有创业和投资经验的资深程序员-全球最大中文IT社区知名博主-排名第119 实际项目中非常需要写文档,提高Java服务端和Web前端以及移动端的对接效率。 听说Swagger这个工具,还不错,就网上找了些资料,自己实践了下。一:Swagger介绍
Swagger是当前最好用的Restful API文档生成的开源项目,通过swagger-spring项目
实现了与SpingMVC框架的无缝集成功能,方便生成spring restful风格的接口文档,
同时swagger-ui还可以测试spring restful风格的接口功能。
官方网站为:http://swagger.io/
中文网站:http://www.sosoapi.com 二:Swagger与Spring MVC集成步骤 1.Maven关键配置 [html] view plain copy print ? <dependency> <groupId>com.mangofactory</groupId> <artifactId>swagger-springmvc</artifactId> <version>1.0.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.mangofactory</groupId> <artifactId>swagger-springmvc</artifactId> <version>1.0.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>4.1.6.RELEASE</version> </dependency> 2. 插件配置 CustomJavaPluginConfig 3.复制swagger的相关js等静态资源到webapp目录。 swagger-ui.js之类的。 我copy过一次,但是有问题,最后从网上下载了一个项目,可以直接用的那种。 然后自己再逐步改造。 4.启动项目 http://localhost:8080/ 三、常见swagger注解一览与使用 最常用的5个注解@Api:修饰整个类,描述Controller的作用
@ApiOperation:描述一个类的一个方法,或者说一个接口
@ApiParam:单个参数描述
@ApiModel:用对象来接收参数
@ApiProperty:用对象接收参数时,描述对象的一个字段
其它若干
@ApiResponse:HTTP响应其中1个描述
@ApiResponses:HTTP响应整体描述
@ApiClass
@ApiError
@ApiErrors
@ApiParamImplicit
@ApiParamsImplicit
四、关键代码和实际例子 例子1: [java] view plain copy print ? @ApiOperation(value = "获得用户列表", notes = "列表信息", httpMethod = "POST", produces = MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE) @ResponseBody @RequestMapping(value = "list", method = RequestMethod.POST) public Result<User> list( @ApiParam(value = "分类ID", required = true) @RequestParam Long categoryId, @ApiParam(value = "token", required = true) @RequestParam String token) { Result<User> result = new Result<User>(); User user = new User(); result.setData(user); return result; } @ApiOperation(value = "获得用户列表", notes = "列表信息", httpMethod = "POST", produces = MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE) @ResponseBody @RequestMapping(value = "list", method = RequestMethod.POST) public Result<User> list( @ApiParam(value = "分类ID", required = true) @RequestParam Long categoryId, @ApiParam(value = "token", required = true) @RequestParam String token) { Result<User> result = new Result<User>(); User user = new User(); result.setData(user); return result; } @ApiParam(value = "token", required = true) @RequestParam String token Web前端/移动端HTTP请求方式:直接把参数附带到URL后面,或者用AJAX方法,表单提交。 例子2: [java] view plain copy print ? @ApiOperation(value = "update用户", notes = ")", httpMethod = "POST", produces = MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE) @ResponseBody @RequestMapping(value = "update", method = RequestMethod.GET/*,produces = MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED_VALUE*/) public Result<String> update(User user) { String u = findUser(user); System.out.println(u); return null; } @ApiOperation(value = "update用户", notes = ")", httpMethod = "POST", produces = MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE) @ResponseBody @RequestMapping(value = "update", method = RequestMethod.GET/*,produces = MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED_VALUE*/) public Result<String> update(User user) { String u = findUser(user); System.out.println(u); return null; } 当参数太多的时候,需要定义太多的参数,排版看起来很不舒服。 这个时候,可以使用对象来接收。 @ApiModel(value = "用户对象",description="user2") public class User extends CommonParam{ } Web前端/移动端HTTP请求方式:直接把参数附带到URL后面,或者用AJAX方法,表单提交。 这里面存在一个小问题,当后端用对象User来接收参数的时候,Swagger自带的工具是这样的: 这种形式,并不是表单提交,或者把参数附加到URL的后面。 我们只能手动构造URL,附带参数去提交。 如果需要测试的话! 例子3: [java] view plain copy print ? public Result<String> add(@RequestBody User user) { String u = findUser(user); System.out.println(u); return null; } public Result<String> add(@RequestBody User user) { String u = findUser(user); System.out.println(u); return null; } Web前端/移动端HTTP请求方式:必须把参数,放到request请求的body中去。 后端不能直接用request.getParam("token")这种。 获得request body中的数据,手动转换成目标数据。 String charReader(HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException { BufferedReader br = request.getReader(); String str, wholeStr = ""; while ((str = br.readLine()) != null) { wholeStr += str; } return wholeStr; } 个人推荐: 1.参数不多的时候,用例子1,用@ApiParam注解生成文档。 swagger可视化界面,可以直接设置参数,发送请求来测试 2.参数比较多的时候,用例子2,用对象来接收参数,在对象里针对每个字段,@ApiModelProperty注解生成文档。 swagger可视化界面,可以直接设置参数,但是无法接收到。 因此,推荐使用其它HTTP请求或POST模拟工具,发送请求,模拟测试。 不推荐例子3,不通用,局限性比较大。 五、若干截图 六、源代码 [java] view plain copy print ? package cn.fansunion.swagger.serverapi.controller; import org.springframework.http.MediaType; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody; import com.wordnik.swagger.annotations.Api; import com.wordnik.swagger.annotations.ApiOperation; import com.wordnik.swagger.annotations.ApiParam; /** * 小雷FansUnion-一个有创业和投资经验的资深程序员-全球最大中文IT社区知名博主-排名第119 * 博客:http://blog.csdn.net/fansunion * */ @Api(value = "user", description = "用户管理", produces = MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE) @Controller @RequestMapping("user") public class UserController { // 列出某个类目的所有规格 @ApiOperation(value = "获得用户列表", notes = "列表信息", httpMethod = "POST", produces = MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE) @ResponseBody @RequestMapping(value = "list", method = RequestMethod.POST) public Result<User> list( @ApiParam(value = "分类ID", required = true) @RequestParam Long categoryId, @ApiParam(value = "分类ID", required = true) @RequestParam Long categoryId2, @ApiParam(value = "token", required = true) @RequestParam String token) { Result<User> result = new Result<User>(); User user = new User(); result.setData(user); return result; } @ApiOperation(value = "添加用户", notes = "获取商品信息(用于数据同步)", httpMethod = "POST", produces = MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE) @ResponseBody @RequestMapping(value = "add", method = RequestMethod.POST) // @RequestBody只能有1个 // 使用了@RequestBody,不能在拦截器中,获得流中的数据,再json转换,拦截器中,也不清楚数据的类型,无法转换成java对象 // 只能手动调用方法 public Result<String> add(@RequestBody User user) { String u = findUser(user); System.out.println(u); return null; } @ApiOperation(value = "update用户", notes = "获取商品信息(用于数据同步)", httpMethod = "POST", produces = MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE) @ResponseBody @RequestMapping(value = "update", method = RequestMethod.GET) public Result<String> update(User user) { String u = findUser(user); System.out.println(u); return null; } private String findUser(User user) { String token = user.getToken(); return token; } } package cn.fansunion.swagger.serverapi.controller; import org.springframework.http.MediaType; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody; import com.wordnik.swagger.annotations.Api; import com.wordnik.swagger.annotations.ApiOperation; import com.wordnik.swagger.annotations.ApiParam; /** * 小雷FansUnion-一个有创业和投资经验的资深程序员-全球最大中文IT社区知名博主-排名第119 * 博客:http://blog.csdn.net/fansunion * */ @Api(value = "user", description = "用户管理", produces = MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE) @Controller @RequestMapping("user") public class UserController { // 列出某个类目的所有规格 @ApiOperation(value = "获得用户列表", notes = "列表信息", httpMethod = "POST", produces = MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE) @ResponseBody @RequestMapping(value = "list", method = RequestMethod.POST) public Result<User> list( @ApiParam(value = "分类ID", required = true) @RequestParam Long categoryId, @ApiParam(value = "分类ID", required = true) @RequestParam Long categoryId2, @ApiParam(value = "token", required = true) @RequestParam String token) { Result<User> result = new Result<User>(); User user = new User(); result.setData(user); return result; } @ApiOperation(value = "添加用户", notes = "获取商品信息(用于数据同步)", httpMethod = "POST", produces = MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE) @ResponseBody @RequestMapping(value = "add", method = RequestMethod.POST) // @RequestBody只能有1个 // 使用了@RequestBody,不能在拦截器中,获得流中的数据,再json转换,拦截器中,也不清楚数据的类型,无法转换成java对象 // 只能手动调用方法 public Result<String> add(@RequestBody User user) { String u = findUser(user); System.out.println(u); return null; } @ApiOperation(value = "update用户", notes = "获取商品信息(用于数据同步)", httpMethod = "POST", produces = MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE) @ResponseBody @RequestMapping(value = "update", method = RequestMethod.GET) public Result<String> update(User user) { String u = findUser(user); System.out.println(u); return null; } private String findUser(User user) { String token = user.getToken(); return token; } } [java] view plain copy print ? package cn.fansunion.swagger.serverapi.controller; import com.wordnik.swagger.annotations.ApiModel; import com.wordnik.swagger.annotations.ApiModelProperty; /** * 小雷FansUnion-一个有创业和投资经验的资深程序员-全球最大中文IT社区知名博主-排名第119 * 博客:http://blog.csdn.net/fansunion * */ @ApiModel(value = "用户对象", description = "user2") public class User extends CommonParam { @ApiModelProperty(value = "商品信息", required = true) private String name; @ApiModelProperty(value = "密码", required = true) private String password; @ApiModelProperty(value = "性别") private Integer sex; @ApiModelProperty(value = "密码", required = true) private String token; public String getToken() { return token; } public void setToken(String token) { this.token = token; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getPassword() { return password; } public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; } public Integer getSex() { return sex; } public void setSex(Integer sex) { this.sex = sex; } } package cn.fansunion.swagger.serverapi.controller; import com.wordnik.swagger.annotations.ApiModel; import com.wordnik.swagger.annotations.ApiModelProperty; /** * 小雷FansUnion-一个有创业和投资经验的资深程序员-全球最大中文IT社区知名博主-排名第119 * 博客:http://blog.csdn.net/fansunion * */ @ApiModel(value = "用户对象", description = "user2") public class User extends CommonParam { @ApiModelProperty(value = "商品信息", required = true) private String name; @ApiModelProperty(value = "密码", required = true) private String password; @ApiModelProperty(value = "性别") private Integer sex; @ApiModelProperty(value = "密码", required = true) private String token; public String getToken() { return token; } public void setToken(String token) { this.token = token; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getPassword() { return password; } public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; } public Integer getSex() { return sex; } public void setSex(Integer sex) { this.sex = sex; } } [java] view plain copy print ? package cn.fansunion.swagger.serverapi.swagger; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer; import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc; import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter; import com.mangofactory.swagger.configuration.SpringSwaggerConfig; import com.mangofactory.swagger.models.dto.ApiInfo; import com.mangofactory.swagger.paths.SwaggerPathProvider; import com.mangofactory.swagger.plugin.EnableSwagger; import com.mangofactory.swagger.plugin.SwaggerSpringMvcPlugin; @Configuration @EnableWebMvc @EnableSwagger public class CustomJavaPluginConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter { private SpringSwaggerConfig springSwaggerConfig; @Autowired public void setSpringSwaggerConfig(SpringSwaggerConfig springSwaggerConfig) { this.springSwaggerConfig = springSwaggerConfig; } /** * 链式编程 来定制API样式 后续会加上分组信息 * * @return */ @Bean public SwaggerSpringMvcPlugin customImplementation() { return new SwaggerSpringMvcPlugin(this.springSwaggerConfig) .apiInfo(apiInfo()).includePatterns(".*") .useDefaultResponseMessages(false) // .pathProvider(new GtPaths()) .apiVersion("0.1").swaggerGroup("user"); } private ApiInfo apiInfo() { ApiInfo apiInfo = new ApiInfo("小雷移动端API接口平台", "提供详细的后台所有Restful接口", "http://blog.csdn.net/FansUnion", "FansUnion@qq.com", "小雷博客", "http://blog.csdn.net/FansUnion"); return apiInfo; } @Override public void configureDefaultServletHandling( DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer configurer) { configurer.enable(); } class GtPaths extends SwaggerPathProvider { @Override protected String applicationPath() { return "/restapi"; } @Override protected String getDocumentationPath() { return "/restapi"; } } } package cn.fansunion.swagger.serverapi.swagger; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer; import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc; import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter; import com.mangofactory.swagger.configuration.SpringSwaggerConfig; import com.mangofactory.swagger.models.dto.ApiInfo; import com.mangofactory.swagger.paths.SwaggerPathProvider; import com.mangofactory.swagger.plugin.EnableSwagger; import com.mangofactory.swagger.plugin.SwaggerSpringMvcPlugin; @Configuration @EnableWebMvc @EnableSwagger public class CustomJavaPluginConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter { private SpringSwaggerConfig springSwaggerConfig; @Autowired public void setSpringSwaggerConfig(SpringSwaggerConfig springSwaggerConfig) { this.springSwaggerConfig = springSwaggerConfig; } /** * 链式编程 来定制API样式 后续会加上分组信息 * * @return */ @Bean public SwaggerSpringMvcPlugin customImplementation() { return new SwaggerSpringMvcPlugin(this.springSwaggerConfig) .apiInfo(apiInfo()).includePatterns(".*") .useDefaultResponseMessages(false) // .pathProvider(new GtPaths()) .apiVersion("0.1").swaggerGroup("user"); } private ApiInfo apiInfo() { ApiInfo apiInfo = new ApiInfo("小雷移动端API接口平台", "提供详细的后台所有Restful接口", "http://blog.csdn.net/FansUnion", "FansUnion@qq.com", "小雷博客", "http://blog.csdn.net/FansUnion"); return apiInfo; } @Override public void configureDefaultServletHandling( DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer configurer) { configurer.enable(); } class GtPaths extends SwaggerPathProvider { @Override protected String applicationPath() { return "/restapi"; } @Override protected String getDocumentationPath() { return "/restapi"; } } } 七、项目下载地址 http://git.oschina.net/fansunion/swagger-server-api/tree/master/ 八、参考资料 http://blog.csdn.net/jia20003/article/details/50700736 http://www.cnblogs.com/quanyongan/archive/2013/04/16/3024741.html http://www.cnblogs.com/h9527/p/5506956.html http://www.cnblogs.com/yuananyun/p/4993426.html 小雷FansUnion-一个有创业和投资经验的资深程序员-全球最大中文IT社区知名博主-排名第119 博客:http://blog.csdn.net/fansunion 2016年7月16日 湖北-武汉 顶 4 踩 1 上一篇隆中对,程序员修炼之道,技术学习前进之路 下一篇互联网研发团队-岗位职责