微信小程序（应用号）开发新闻客户端的实战课程

下载最新版的微信小程序开发工具，目前是v0.9.092300

下载地址：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/debug/wxadoc/dev/devtools/download.html

官方文档：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/debug/wxadoc/dev/index.html

git下载地址：http://git.oschina.net/dotton/news

先看下效果图：

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一、新建应用

1.内测阶段对于无内测号的开发者，请点无AppId。

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2.然后选择一个本地目录作为工程目录。

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3.项目名称任意，设置好目录，勾上当前目录创建quick start项目。如图：

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4.点击添加项目，这时可以运行的效果。是自己的微信个人信息以及一HelloWorld文本框。

5.右边是调试窗口，有2个警告，是由于没有AppID导致的，可以暂时忽略，不影响开发。

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6.提示一下，在app.json中设置debug:true，这样控制台看到实时的交互信息，以及将来在js文件中设置断点，类似与Chrome的调试工具以及Firefox的Firebug。

关于首页配置：

{ "pages":[ "pages/index/index", "pages/logs/logs" ], "window":{ "backgroundTextStyle":"light", "navigationBarBackgroundColor": "#fff", "navigationBarTitleText": "WeChat", "navigationBarTextStyle":"black" }, "debug":true }

其中pages属性表明每一个页面的存在，其中第一条为首页，即pages/index/index

二、请求网络API接口

1.前提条件：

这里需要用到聚合数据的新闻接口，前往：https://www.juhe.cn/docs/api/id/235 注册、申请接口，拿到key，我这里已经申请到一个key：482e213ca7520ff1a8ccbb262c90320a，可以直接拿它做测试，然后就可以将它集成到自己的应用了。

2.使用微信小程序接口来访问网络：

改写index.js文件：

//index.js //获取应用实例 var app = getApp() Page({ data: { motto: 'Hello World', userInfo: {} }, //事件处理函数 bindViewTap: function() { wx.navigateTo({ url: '../logs/logs' }) }, onLoad: function () { // 访问聚合数据的网络接口 wx.request({ url: 'http://v.juhe.cn/toutiao/index', data: { type: '' , key: '482e213ca7520ff1a8ccbb262c90320a' }, header: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' }, success: function(res) { console.log(res.data) } }) console.log('onLoad') var that = this //调用应用实例的方法获取全局数据 app.getUserInfo(function(userInfo){ //更新数据 that.setData({ userInfo:userInfo }) }) } })

3.查看效果，检查Console控制台，得到以下信息：

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说明已经成功取得到了数据。

三、将json格式的数据渲染到视图

这里要用到swipe组件实现大图轮播，文档见：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/debug/wxadoc/dev/component/swiper.html

1.清空原index.wxml内容，加入如下代码：

<swiper indicator-dots="true" autoplay="true" interval="5000" duration="1000"> <block wx:for="{{topNews}}"> <swiper-item> <image src="{{item.thumbnail_pic_s02}}" class="slide-image" width="355" height="150"/> </swiper-item> </block> </swiper>2.相应地在index.js文件的onLoad方法中加入如下代码来获取网络数据 //index.js //获取应用实例 var app = getApp() Page({ data: { topNews:[], techNews:[] }, onLoad: function () { var that = this // 访问聚合数据的网络接口-头条新闻 wx.request({ url: 'http://v.juhe.cn/toutiao/index', data: { type: 'topNews' , key: '482e213ca7520ff1a8ccbb262c90320a' }, header: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' }, success: function(res) { if (res.data.error_code == 0) { that.setData({ topNews:res.data.result.data }) } else { console.log('获取失败'); } } }) } })

3.看到轮播已经成功的展示出来了

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4.依样画葫芦，同样操作读取列表新闻：

<view class="news-list"> <block wx:for="{{techNews}}"> <text class="news-item">{{index + 1}}. {{item.title}}</text> </block>配合样式表，不然列表文字排版是横向的，将以下css加到index.wxss中： .news-list { display: flex; flex-direction: column; padding: 40rpx; } .news-item { margin: 10rpx; }

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继续美化，文字列表也采用缩略图+大标题+出处+日期的形式

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样式表与布局文件 index.wxss

/**index.wxss**/ .news-list { display: flex; flex-direction: column; padding: 40rpx; } .news-item { display: flex; flex-direction: row; height:200rpx; } .news-text { display: flex; flex-direction: column; } .news-stamp { font-size: 25rpx; color:darkgray; padding: 0 20rpx; display: flex; flex-direction: row; justify-content:space-between; } .news-title { margin: 10rpx; font-size: 30rpx; } .container { height: 5000rpx; display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; /*padding: 200rpx 0;*/ box-sizing: border-box; } .list-image { width:150rpx; height:100rpx; } index.wxml <!--index.wxml--> <swiper indicator-dots="true" autoplay="true" interval="5000" duration="1000"> <block wx:for="{{topNews}}"> <swiper-item> <image src="{{item.thumbnail_pic_s02}}" mode="aspectFill" class="slide-image" width="375" height="250"/> </swiper-item> </block> </swiper> <view class="container news-list"> <block wx:for="{{techNews}}"> <view class="news-item"> <image src="{{item.thumbnail_pic_s}}" mode="aspectFill" class="list-image"/> <view class="news-text"> <text class="news-title">{{item.title}}</text> <view class="news-stamp"> <text>{{item.author_name}}</text> <text>{{item.date}}</text> </view> </view> </view> </block> </view>

四、跳转详情页与传值

保存当前点击的新闻条目信息中的title，参见官方文档：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/debug/wxadoc/dev/framework/view/wxml/event.html

传值到详情页

<!--logs.wxml--> <view class="container"> <text class="news-title">{{title}}</text> <text class="news-info">暂时找不到WebView的组件接口，于是不能加载网页数据</text> </view> //事件处理函数 bindViewTap: function(event) { wx.navigateTo({ url: '../detail/detail?title='+event.currentTarget.dataset.newsTitle }) } //index.js //事件处理函数 bindViewTap: function(event) { wx.navigateTo({ url: '../detail/detail?title='+event.currentTarget.dataset.newsTitle }) } <!--index.wxml--> //加入data-xxx元素来传值 <view class="container news-list"> <block wx:for="{{techNews}}"> <view class="news-item" data-news-title="{{item.title}}" bindtap="bindViewTap"> <image src="{{item.thumbnail_pic_s}}" mode="aspectFill" class="list-image"/> <view class="news-text"> <text class="news-title">{{item.title}}</text> <view class="news-stamp"> <text>{{item.author_name}}</text> <text>{{item.date}}</text> </view> </view> </view> </block> </view>当然也可以通过获取全局的变量的方式传值，这里场景是由一个页面与子页面是一对一传值关系，所以不推荐，可参考quickStart项目中微信个人信息的传值方式来做。 app.js末尾加上 globalData:{ userInfo:null, newsItem:null } })

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由于未在官方文档中找到WebView的组件，所以详情的网页正文暂时无法实现。

结语

整体开发过程还是比较舒适的，上手难度不高，过程中用到一定的CSS语法，本质上还是体现了一个H5开发模式，WXML实质上一种模板标签语言。