要使用一个框架，首先要导入相应的jar包，poi的jar包去网上搜索就可以了，因为本人是使用Maven构建的项目，所以将pom文件中的引用贴出：
<dependency> <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId> <artifactId>poi</artifactId> <version>3.9</version> </dependency> 导入jar包之后，便可以在程序中使用poi了 二、简单使用 首先我们看几个简单使用poi的例子，然后从例子中解析使用poi需要用到的类与对象： 1.创建工作簿 (WORKBOOK) HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(); FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls"); wb.write(fileOut); fileOut.close(); 2.创建工作表（SHEET） HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(); HSSFSheet sheet1 = wb.createSheet("new sheet"); HSSFSheet sheet2 = wb.createSheet("second sheet"); FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls"); wb.write(fileOut); fileOut.close(); 3.创建单元格(CELL) HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(); HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new sheet"); // Create a row and put some cells in it. Rows are 0 based. HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow((short)0); // Create a cell and put a value in it. HSSFCell cell = row.createCell((short)0); cell.setCellValue(1); // Or do it on one line. row.createCell((short)1).setCellValue(1.2); row.createCell((short)2).setCellValue("This is a string"); row.createCell((short)3).setCellValue(true); // Write the output to a file FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls"); wb.write(fileOut); fileOut.close(); 4.创建指定单元格式的单元格 HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(); HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new sheet"); // Create a row and put some cells in it. Rows are 0 based. HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow((short)0); // Create a cell and put a date value in it. The first cell is not styled // as a date. HSSFCell cell = row.createCell((short)0); cell.setCellValue(new Date()); // we style the second cell as a date (and time). It is important to // create a new cell style from the workbook otherwise you can end up // modifying the built in style and effecting not only this cell but other cells. HSSFCellStyle cellStyle = wb.createCellStyle(); cellStyle.setDataFormat(HSSFDataFormat.getBuiltinFormat("m/d/yy h:mm")); cell = row.createCell((short)1); cell.setCellValue(new Date()); cell.setCellStyle(cellStyle); // Write the output to a file FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls"); wb.write(fileOut); fileOut.close(); 5. 单元格的不同格式 HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(); HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new sheet"); HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow((short)2); row.createCell((short) 0).setCellValue(1.1); row.createCell((short) 1).setCellValue(new Date()); row.createCell((short) 2).setCellValue("a string"); row.createCell((short) 3).setCellValue(true); row.createCell((short) 4).setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_ERROR); // Write the output to a file FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls"); wb.write(fileOut); fileOut.close(); 6.单元格的不通对齐方式 public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(); HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new sheet"); HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow((short) 2); createCell(wb, row, (short) 0, HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER); createCell(wb, row, (short) 1, HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER_SELECTION); createCell(wb, row, (short) 2, HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_FILL); createCell(wb, row, (short) 3, HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_GENERAL); createCell(wb, row, (short) 4, HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_JUSTIFY); createCell(wb, row, (short) 5, HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_LEFT); createCell(wb, row, (short) 6, HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_RIGHT); // Write the output to a file FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls"); wb.write(fileOut); fileOut.close(); } /** * Creates a cell and aligns it a certain way. * * @param wb the workbook * @param row the row to create the cell in * @param column the column number to create the cell in * @param align the alignment for the cell. */ private static void createCell(HSSFWorkbook wb, HSSFRow row, short column, short align) { HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(column); cell.setCellValue("Align It"); HSSFCellStyle cellStyle = wb.createCellStyle(); cellStyle.setAlignment(align); cell.setCellStyle(cellStyle); } 7.单元格的边框设置 Working with borders HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(); HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new sheet"); // Create a row and put some cells in it. Rows are 0 based. HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow((short) 1); // Create a cell and put a value in it. HSSFCell cell = row.createCell((short) 1); cell.setCellValue(4); // Style the cell with borders all around. HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle(); style.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN); style.setBottomBorderColor(HSSFColor.BLACK.index); style.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN); style.setLeftBorderColor(HSSFColor.GREEN.index); style.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN); style.setRightBorderColor(HSSFColor.BLUE.index); style.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_MEDIUM_DASHED); style.setTopBorderColor(HSSFColor.BLACK.index); cell.setCellStyle(style); // Write the output to a file FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls"); wb.write(fileOut); fileOut.close(); 8.填充和颜色设置 HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(); HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new sheet"); // Create a row and put some cells in it. Rows are 0 based. HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow((short) 1); // Aqua background HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle(); style.setFillBackgroundColor(HSSFColor.AQUA.index); style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.BIG_SPOTS); HSSFCell cell = row.createCell((short) 1); cell.setCellValue("X"); cell.setCellStyle(style); // Orange "foreground", foreground being the fill foreground not the font color. style = wb.createCellStyle(); style.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.ORANGE.index); style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND); cell = row.createCell((short) 2); cell.setCellValue("X"); cell.setCellStyle(style); // Write the output to a file FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls"); wb.write(fileOut); fileOut.close(); 9.合并单元格操作 HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(); HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new sheet"); HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow((short) 1); HSSFCell cell = row.createCell((short) 1); cell.setCellValue("This is a test of merging"); sheet.addMergedRegion(new Region(1,(short)1,1,(short)2)); // Write the output to a file FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls"); wb.write(fileOut); fileOut.close(); 10.字体设置 HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(); HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new sheet"); // Create a row and put some cells in it. Rows are 0 based. HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow((short) 1); // Create a new font and alter it. HSSFFont font = wb.createFont(); font.setFontHeightInPoints((short)24); font.setFontName("Courier New"); font.setItalic(true); font.setStrikeout(true); // Fonts are set into a style so create a new one to use. HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle(); style.setFont(font); // Create a cell and put a value in it. HSSFCell cell = row.createCell((short) 1); cell.setCellValue("This is a test of fonts"); cell.setCellStyle(style); // Write the output to a file FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls"); wb.write(fileOut); fileOut.close(); 11.自定义颜色 HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(); HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet(); HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow((short) 0); HSSFCell cell = row.createCell((short) 0); cell.setCellValue("Default Palette"); //apply some colors from the standard palette, // as in the previous examples. //we'll use red text on a lime background HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle(); style.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.LIME.index); style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND); HSSFFont font = wb.createFont(); font.setColor(HSSFColor.RED.index); style.setFont(font); cell.setCellStyle(style); //save with the default palette FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("default_palette.xls"); wb.write(out); out.close(); //now, let's replace RED and LIME in the palette // with a more attractive combination // (lovingly borrowed from freebsd.org) cell.setCellValue("Modified Palette"); //creating a custom palette for the workbook HSSFPalette palette = wb.getCustomPalette(); //replacing the standard red with freebsd.org red palette.setColorAtIndex(HSSFColor.RED.index, (byte) 153, //RGB red (0-255) (byte) 0, //RGB green (byte) 0 //RGB blue ); //replacing lime with freebsd.org gold palette.setColorAtIndex(HSSFColor.LIME.index, (byte) 255, (byte) 204, (byte) 102); //save with the modified palette // note that wherever we have previously used RED or LIME, the // new colors magically appear out = new FileOutputStream("modified_palette.xls"); wb.write(out); out.close(); 12.读和重写EXCEL文件 POIFSFileSystem fs = new POIFSFileSystem(new FileInputStream("workbook.xls")); HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(fs); HSSFSheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(0); HSSFRow row = sheet.getRow(2); HSSFCell cell = row.getCell((short)3); if (cell == null) cell = row.createCell((short)3); cell.setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING); cell.setCellValue("a test"); // Write the output to a file FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls"); wb.write(fileOut); fileOut.close(); 13.在EXCEL单元格中使用自动换行 HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(); HSSFSheet s = wb.createSheet(); HSSFRow r = null; HSSFCell c = null; HSSFCellStyle cs = wb.createCellStyle(); HSSFFont f = wb.createFont(); HSSFFont f2 = wb.createFont(); cs = wb.createCellStyle(); cs.setFont( f2 ); //Word Wrap MUST be turned on cs.setWrapText( true ); r = s.createRow( (short) 2 ); r.setHeight( (short) 0x349 ); c = r.createCell( (short) 2 ); c.setCellType( HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING ); c.setCellValue( "Use /n with word wrap on to create a new line" ); c.setCellStyle( cs ); s.setColumnWidth( (short) 2, (short) ( ( 50 * 8 ) / ( (double) 1 / 20 ) ) ); FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream( "workbook.xls" ); wb.write( fileOut ); fileOut.close(); 14.数字格式自定义 HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(); HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("format sheet"); HSSFCellStyle style; HSSFDataFormat format = wb.createDataFormat(); HSSFRow row; HSSFCell cell; short rowNum = 0; short colNum = 0; row = sheet.createRow(rowNum++); cell = row.createCell(colNum); cell.setCellValue(11111.25); style = wb.createCellStyle(); style.setDataFormat(format.getFormat("0.0")); cell.setCellStyle(style); row = sheet.createRow(rowNum++); cell = row.createCell(colNum); cell.setCellValue(11111.25); style = wb.createCellStyle(); style.setDataFormat(format.getFormat("#,##0.0000")); cell.setCellStyle(style); FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls"); wb.write(fileOut); fileOut.close(); 15.调整工作单位置 HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(); HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("format sheet"); HSSFPrintSetup ps = sheet.getPrintSetup(); sheet.setAutobreaks(true); ps.setFitHeight((short)1); ps.setFitWidth((short)1); // Create various cells and rows for spreadsheet. FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls"); wb.write(fileOut); fileOut.close(); 16.设置打印区域 HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(); HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("Sheet1"); wb.setPrintArea(0, "$A$1:$C$2"); //sets the print area for the first sheet //Alternatively: //wb.setPrintArea(0, 0, 1, 0, 0) is equivalent to using the name reference (See the JavaDocs for more details) // Create various cells and rows for spreadsheet. FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls"); wb.write(fileOut); fileOut.close(); 17.标注脚注 HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(); HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("format sheet"); HSSFFooter footer = sheet.getFooter() footer.setRight( "Page " + HSSFFooter.page() + " of " + HSSFFooter.numPages() ); // Create various cells and rows for spreadsheet. FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls"); wb.write(fileOut); fileOut.close(); 18.使用方便的内部提供的函数 HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(); HSSFSheet sheet1 = wb.createSheet( "new sheet" ); // Create a merged region HSSFRow row = sheet1.createRow( (short) 1 ); HSSFRow row2 = sheet1.createRow( (short) 2 ); HSSFCell cell = row.createCell( (short) 1 ); cell.setCellValue( "This is a test of merging" ); Region region = new Region( 1, (short) 1, 4, (short) 4 ); sheet1.addMergedRegion( region ); // Set the border and border colors. final short borderMediumDashed = HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_MEDIUM_DASHED; HSSFRegionUtil.setBorderBottom( borderMediumDashed, region, sheet1, wb ); HSSFRegionUtil.setBorderTop( borderMediumDashed, region, sheet1, wb ); HSSFRegionUtil.setBorderLeft( borderMediumDashed, region, sheet1, wb ); HSSFRegionUtil.setBorderRight( borderMediumDashed, region, sheet1, wb ); HSSFRegionUtil.setBottomBorderColor(HSSFColor.AQUA.index, region, sheet1, wb); HSSFRegionUtil.setTopBorderColor(HSSFColor.AQUA.index, region, sheet1, wb); HSSFRegionUtil.setLeftBorderColor(HSSFColor.AQUA.index, region, sheet1, wb); HSSFRegionUtil.setRightBorderColor(HSSFColor.AQUA.index, region, sheet1, wb); // Shows some usages of HSSFCellUtil HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle(); style.setIndention((short)4); HSSFCellUtil.createCell(row, 8, "This is the value of the cell", style); HSSFCell cell2 = HSSFCellUtil.createCell( row2, 8, "This is the value of the cell"); HSSFCellUtil.setAlignment(cell2, wb, HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER); // Write out the workbook FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream( "workbook.xls" ); wb.write( fileOut ); fileOut.close(); 19.在工作单中移动行，调整行的上下位置 HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(); HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("row sheet"); // Create various cells and rows for spreadsheet. // Shift rows 6 - 11 on the spreadsheet to the top (rows 0 - 5) sheet.shiftRows(5, 10, -5); FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls"); wb.write(fileOut); fileOut.close(); 20.选种指定的工作单 HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(); HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("row sheet"); sheet.setSelected(true); // Create various cells and rows for spreadsheet. FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls"); wb.write(fileOut); fileOut.close(); 21.工作单的放大缩小 HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(); HSSFSheet sheet1 = wb.createSheet("new sheet"); sheet1.setZoom(3,4); // 75 percent magnification FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls"); wb.write(fileOut); fileOut.close(); 22.头注和脚注 HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(); HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new sheet"); HSSFHeader header = sheet.getHeader(); header.setCenter("Center Header"); header.setLeft("Left Header"); header.setRight(HSSFHeader.font("Stencil-Normal", "Italic") + HSSFHeader.fontSize((short) 16) + "Right w/ Stencil-Normal Italic font and size 16"); FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("workbook.xls"); wb.write(fileOut); fileOut.close(); 三、重点介绍 一个excel文档必备的内容都有什么呢： 1、文档的名字和保存的位置。（文档以xls结尾） 2、sheet页，一个excel文档可以包括多个sheet页 3、行 4、单元格（有些单元格是合并的） 5、单元格样式(包括背景颜色、对其方式等) HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook(); //创建excel HSSFSheet sheet1 = wb.createSheet("new sheet"); //创建多个sheet页 HSSFSheet sheet2 = wb.createSheet("second sheet"); HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle(); //设置单元格背景颜色 style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND); style.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.YELLOW.index); HSSFRow row = sheet1.createRow((short)0);//创建一行数据， row.createCell((short)0).setCellValue(1); //给第一行数据赋值 row.createCell((short)1).setCellValue(1.2); row.createCell((short)2).setCellValue("This is a string"); HSSFCell cell = row.createCell((short)3); cell.setCellValue(true); cell.setCellStyle(style);//设置单元格背景颜色 sheet1.addMergedRegion(new Region(0,(short)1,1,(short)1)); //合并单元格 HSSFCellStyle style_green = wb.createCellStyle(); //设置单元格背景颜色 style_green.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND); style_green.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.LIME.index); style_green.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN); //下边框 style_green.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);//左边框 style_green.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);//上边框 style_green.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);//右边框 style_green.setWrapText( true );//自动回车 style_green.setVerticalAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER);//设置竖直方向居中 style_green.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);//设置水平方向居中 sheet.setColumnWidth( (short) k, (short) ( ( 50 * 4 ) / ( (double) 1 / 20 ) ) );//设置单元格宽度 row1.setHeight((short) 0x220 );//设置行高度 页面弹出保存位置： req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); resp.setContentType("application/x-download"); SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd-HH-mm-ss"); String filedisplay = sdf.format(new Date())+".xls"; filedisplay = URLEncoder.encode(filedisplay, "UTF-8"); resp.addHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename="+ filedisplay); OutputStream out = resp.getOutputStream(); wb.write(out); 背景颜色色 执行结果HSSFColor.ROYAL_BLUE HSSFColor.TEAL HSSFColor.LIME HSSFColor.PALE_BLUE HSSFColor.AQUA HSSFColor.GREEN HSSFColor.TURQUOISE HSSFColor.DARK_BLUE HSSFColor.CORNFLOWER_BLUE HSSFColor.OLIVE_GREEN HSSFColor.WHITE HSSFColor.LIGHT_TURQUOISE HSSFColor.LEMON_CHIFFON HSSFColor.LIGHT_GREEN HSSFColor.BLUE HSSFColor.DARK_RED HSSFColor.CORAL HSSFColor.RED HSSFColor.LIGHT_YELLOW HSSFColor.SKY_BLUE HSSFColor.BROWN HSSFColor.SEA_GREEN HSSFColor.INDIGO HSSFColor.MAROON HSSFColor.GREY_80_PERCENT HSSFColor.GREY_25_PERCENT HSSFColor.DARK_GREEN HSSFColor.YELLOW HSSFColor.GOLD HSSFColor.GREY_40_PERCENT HSSFColor.DARK_TEAL HSSFColor.PINK HSSFColor.ORCHID HSSFColor.LIGHT_BLUE HSSFColor.LIGHT_CORNFLOWER_BLUE HSSFColor.BLACK HSSFColor.DARK_YELLOW HSSFColor.VIOLET HSSFColor.LAVENDER HSSFColor.ROSE HSSFColor.BLUE_GREY HSSFColor.LIGHT_ORANGE HSSFColor.ORANGE HSSFColor.GREY_50_PERCENT
