spring依赖注入两大方式:
1.基于xml配置文件实现依赖注入(记得提供get/set方法 )
1.1构造方法注入
1.2set方法注入
1.3Field注入
步骤:
1.加入spring所需要的jar包
2.在spring配置文件中进行相关配置
3.通过getBean()获取bean
示例:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">
<!--1.2set方法注入-->
<bean id="menuDao" class="com.xiaogang.menu.dao.MenuDao" />
<bean id="menuService" class="com.xiaogang.menu.service.impl.MenuService">
<property name="menuDao" ref="menuDao" />
</bean>
<!-- Field注入-->
<bean id="person" class="com.demo.Person">
<property name="name" value="jack"/>
<property name="age" value="28"/>
<property name="sex" value="男"/>
</bean>
<!-- 1.1构造方法注入-->
<bean id="person2" class="com.demo.Person">
<constructor-arg index="0" value="奔放哥"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg index="1" value="29"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg index="2" value="女"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
<bean id="demo_list" class="com.demo.Demo">
<property name="emails">
<list>
<value>xiaogang@sina.com.cn</value>
<value>xiaowei@163.com</value>
<value>xiaobai@mm.com</value>
</list>
</property>
<property name="mobiles">
<set>
<value>05937732324</value>
<value>24324234332</value>
<value>32432432432</value>
</set>
</property>
<property name="contacts">
<map>
<entry key="jack" value="ross"/>
<entry>
<key>
<value>武当</value>
</key>
<value>张三丰</value>
</entry>
</map>
</property>
<property name="props">
<props>
<prop key="bb">张梓兵</prop>
<prop key="dd">伍德的</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
java代码:
import com.xiaogang.dao.BaseDao;
import com.xiaogang.menu.service.IMenuService;
import com.xiaogang.pojo.Menu;
//业务层
public class MenuService implements IMenuService {
private BaseDao menuDao;
//需要提供set方法
public void setMenuDao(BaseDao menuDao) {
this.menuDao = menuDao;
}
@Override
public boolean save(Menu menu) {
this.menuDao.save("");
return false;
}
}
java的测试代码:
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import org.junit.BeforeClass;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.demo.Demo;
import com.demo.Person;
import com.xiaogang.menu.service.IMenuService;
public class Test01 {
private static ApplicationContext ctx=null;
@BeforeClass
public static void setUpBeforeClass() throws Exception {
//导入spring配置文件
ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
}
@Test
public void testSaveMenu(){
//通过bean获取menuService对象
IMenuService menuService=(IMenuService)ctx.getBean("menuService");
menuService.save(null);
}
@Test
public void testPersonValue(){
Person person=(Person)ctx.getBean("person");
System.out.println(person);
}
@Test
public void testPersonContructor(){
Person person2=(Person)ctx.getBean("person2");
System.out.println(person2);
}
@Test
public void testDemo(){
通过bean获取集合对象
Demo demo=(Demo)ctx.getBean("demo_list");
for(String temp:demo.getEmails()){
System.out.println(temp);
}
System.out.println("**************");
for(String m:demo.getMobiles()){
System.out.println(m);
}
System.out.println("**************");
for(Entry<String,String> entry:demo.getContacts().entrySet()){
System.out.println(entry);
}
System.out.println("**************");
for(Object s:demo.getProps().keySet()){
System.out.println(s+"="+demo.getProps().get(s));
}
}
}
2.基于注解实现依赖注入,分为手动装配依赖注入(一般常用)和自动装配依赖注入(不需要在代码添加注解,通过配置文件中的autowire="byName",容易出错)。
注解流程解析:
当创建ServiceImpl类对象的时候,发现这个类中有一个属性daoImpl而且有一个resource的注解,故回到配置文件中去找有没有一个id叫“daoImpl”的bean,如果有,就创建它的对象,并赋值给类中的daoImpl.
spring配置文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd">
<!-- 启动Spring注解实现依赖注入-->
<context:annotation-config />
<bean id="daoImpl" class="com.xiaogang.dao.impl.DaoImpl" />
<bean id="serviceImpl" class="com.xiaogang.service.impl.ServiceImpl"
autowire="byName"/>
</beans>
java代码:
import com.xiaogang.dao.Dao;
import com.xiaogang.service.IService;
/*
* 注解实现依赖注入(DI)
* @Resource
* 按属性名称注入,如按名称找不到,则按类型查找.若明确指定按属性名称查找,则只会按名称查找。
* @Autowired
* 只按类型查找
*/
public class ServiceImpl implements IService {
//@Resource
//@Resource(name="daoImpl")
private Dao daoImpl;
//@Resource
//@Resource(name="daoImpl")
public void setDaoImpl(Dao daoImpl) {
this.daoImpl = daoImpl;
}
@Override
public void save() {
daoImpl.save();
}
}
java测试代码:
import org.junit.BeforeClass;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.xiaogang.service.IService;
public class Test01 {
static ApplicationContext ctx;
@BeforeClass
public static void setUpBeforeClass() throws Exception {
ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
}
@Test
public void testSave(){
IService service = (IService)ctx.getBean("serviceImpl");
service.save();
}
}
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