menu 基本可以分分成下面三类。Options menu and app bar/Context menu and contextual action mode/Popup menu.
可以在xml中定义menu，下面是个实例
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<item android:id="@+id/new_game"
android:icon="@drawable/ic_new_game"
android:title="@string/new_game"
android:showAsAction="ifRoom"/>
<item android:id="@+id/help"
android:icon="@drawable/ic_help"
android:title="@string/help" />
</menu>
menu标签可以嵌套，这样就是子menu.
在xml中定义的menu，在Activity中可以通过menuInflater.inflate()来展开.
Creating an Options Menu
需要重写Activity的onCreateOptionsMenu（）方法。
@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
MenuInflater inflater = getMenuInflater();
inflater.inflate(R.menu.game_menu, menu);
return true;
}
可以通过add（）函数来添加新的menu,通过findItem（）找到menu item后在，再来修改.
当用户选择option menu中的一个item时，系统会调用Activity的onOptionsItemSelected（）方法，这个函数的形参是被选中的MenuItem。这个时候就可以通过调用getItemId()方法来找到被选中的item.
@Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
// Handle item selection
switch (item.getItemId()) {
case R.id.new_game:
newGame();
return true;
case R.id.help:
showHelp();
return true;
default:
return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
}
}
当成功处理被选中的item时，就返回true，如果不能处理就调用父类onOptionsItemSelected（）方法，就如上例中的default的处理.
Creating Contextual Menus
可以通过floating context menu 或者 contextual action mode方法来创建上下文菜单.
先来看看如何创建floating context menu。
首先调用registerForContextMenu来关联view.
85 final ListView list = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list);
86 list.setAdapter(adapter);
87
88 registerForContextMenu(list);
其次实现onCreateContextMenu（）方法.
@Override
public void onCreateContextMenu(ContextMenu menu, View v,
ContextMenuInfo menuInfo) {
super.onCreateContextMenu(menu, v, menuInfo);
MenuInflater inflater = getMenuInflater();
inflater.inflate(R.menu.context_menu, menu);
}
再实现onContextItemSelected()方法来处理没有item按下的操作.
@Override
public boolean onContextItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
AdapterContextMenuInfo info = (AdapterContextMenuInfo) item.getMenuInfo();
switch (item.getItemId()) {
case R.id.edit:
editNote(info.id);
return true;
case R.id.delete:
deleteNote(info.id);
return true;
default:
return super.onContextItemSelected(item);
}
}
再来看看contextual action mode的实现.
如果你仅仅想在用户选择特定view的时候调用contextual action mode，你可以参考下面的步奏。
实现 ActionMode.Callback 方法.
private ActionMode.Callback mActionModeCallback = new ActionMode.Callback() {
// Called when the action mode is created; startActionMode() was called
@Override
public boolean onCreateActionMode(ActionMode mode, Menu menu) {
// Inflate a menu resource providing context menu items
MenuInflater inflater = mode.getMenuInflater();
inflater.inflate(R.menu.context_menu, menu);
return true;
}
// Called each time the action mode is shown. Always called after onCreateActionMode, but
// may be called multiple times if the mode is invalidated.
@Override
public boolean onPrepareActionMode(ActionMode mode, Menu menu) {
return false; // Return false if nothing is done
}
// Called when the user selects a contextual menu item
@Override
public boolean onActionItemClicked(ActionMode mode, MenuItem item) {
switch (item.getItemId()) {
case R.id.menu_share:
shareCurrentItem();
mode.finish(); // Action picked, so close the CAB
return true;
default:
return false;
}
}
// Called when the user exits the action mode
@Override
public void onDestroyActionMode(ActionMode mode) {
mActionMode = null;
}
};
这些操作就和option menu是一样的。
调用startActionMode方法来使能contextual action mode
someView.setOnLongClickListener(new View.OnLongClickListener() {
// Called when the user long-clicks on someView
public boolean onLongClick(View view) {
if (mActionMode != null) {
return false;
}
// Start the CAB using the ActionMode.Callback defined above
mActionMode = getActivity().startActionMode(mActionModeCallback);
view.setSelected(true);
return true;
}
});
当你的item是通过ListView或者GridView显示的，你想让用户可以处理批操作。你可以参考下面的步奏.
实现AbsListView.MultiChoiceModeListener，调用setMultiChoiceModeListener 设定这个Listenr
ListView listView = getListView();
listView.setChoiceMode(ListView.CHOICE_MODE_MULTIPLE_MODAL);
listView.setMultiChoiceModeListener(new MultiChoiceModeListener() {
@Override
public void onItemCheckedStateChanged(ActionMode mode, int position,
long id, boolean checked) {
// Here you can do something when items are selected/de-selected,
// such as update the title in the CAB
}
@Override
public boolean onActionItemClicked(ActionMode mode, MenuItem item) {
// Respond to clicks on the actions in the CAB
switch (item.getItemId()) {
case R.id.menu_delete:
deleteSelectedItems();
mode.finish(); // Action picked, so close the CAB
return true;
default:
return false;
}
}
@Override
public boolean onCreateActionMode(ActionMode mode, Menu menu) {
// Inflate the menu for the CAB
MenuInflater inflater = mode.getMenuInflater();
inflater.inflate(R.menu.context, menu);
return true;
}
@Override
public void onDestroyActionMode(ActionMode mode) {
// Here you can make any necessary updates to the activity when
// the CAB is removed. By default, selected items are deselected/unchecked.
}
@Override
public boolean onPrepareActionMode(ActionMode mode, Menu menu) {
// Here you can perform updates to the CAB due to
// an invalidate() request
return false;
}
});
调用 setChoiceMode() 设定CHOICE_MODE_MULTIPLE_MODAL
Creating a Popup Menu
可以在xml中定义popup menu
在item的回调验证中，new一个popupmenu,最后调用popup.show（）方法来显示.
public void showPopup(View v) {
PopupMenu popup = new PopupMenu(this, v);
MenuInflater inflater = popup.getMenuInflater();
inflater.inflate(R.menu.actions, popup.getMenu());
popup.show();
}
调用setOnMenuItemClickListener 开响应用户点击的item。你必须实现 onMenuItemClick() 方法，如下所示:
public void showMenu(View v) {
PopupMenu popup = new PopupMenu(this, v);
// This activity implements OnMenuItemClickListener
popup.setOnMenuItemClickListener(this);
popup.inflate(R.menu.actions);
popup.show();
}
@Override
public boolean onMenuItemClick(MenuItem item) {
switch (item.getItemId()) {
case R.id.archive:
archive(item);
return true;
case R.id.delete:
delete(item);
return true;
default:
return false;
}
}
Creating Menu Groups
可以在xml中通过group标签来添加menu group。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<item android:id="@+id/menu_save"
android:icon="@drawable/menu_save"
android:title="@string/menu_save" />
<!-- menu group -->
<group android:id="@+id/group_delete">
<item android:id="@+id/menu_archive"
android:title="@string/menu_archive" />
<item android:id="@+id/menu_delete"
android:title="@string/menu_delete" />
</group>
</menu>
可以通过android:checkableBehavior 设置checkbox属性.
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
switch (item.getItemId()) {
case R.id.vibrate:
case R.id.dont_vibrate:
if (item.isChecked()) item.setChecked(false);
else item.setChecked(true);
return true;
default:
return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
}
}
需要实现onOptionsItemSelected 方法，来响应用户的操作.
Adding Menu Items Based on an Intent
首先在manifest中声明intent-filter
<intent-filter label="@string/resize_image">
...
<category android:name="android.intent.category.ALTERNATIVE" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.SELECTED_ALTERNATIVE" />
...
</intent-filter>
其次建立intent如下所示：
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu){
super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu);
// Create an Intent that describes the requirements to fulfill, to be included
// in our menu. The offering app must include a category value of Intent.CATEGORY_ALTERNATIVE.
Intent intent = new Intent(null, dataUri);
intent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_ALTERNATIVE);
// Search and populate the menu with acceptable offering applications.
menu.addIntentOptions(
R.id.intent_group, // Menu group to which new items will be added
0, // Unique item ID (none)
0, // Order for the items (none)
this.getComponentName(), // The current activity name
null, // Specific items to place first (none)
intent, // Intent created above that describes our requirements
0, // Additional flags to control items (none)
null); // Array of MenuItems that correlate to specific items (none)
return true;
}
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