Android Studio(Gradle)解决库依赖冲突问题

xiaoxiao2025-11-16 3

最近在调整代码的时候，出现如下问题：

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Cause : com . android . dex . DexException : Multiple dex files define Landroid / support / annotation / AnimRes ; UNEXPECTED TOP - LEVEL EXCEPTION : com . android . dex . DexException : Multiple dex files define Landroid / support / annotation / AnimRes ; at com . android . dx . merge . DexMerger . readSortableTypes ( DexMerger . java : 579 ) at com . android . dx . merge . DexMerger . getSortedTypes ( DexMerger . java : 535 ) at com . android . dx . merge . DexMerger . mergeClassDefs ( DexMerger . java : 517 ) at com . android . dx . merge . DexMerger . mergeDexes ( DexMerger . java : 164 ) at com . android . dx . merge . DexMerger . merge ( DexMerger . java : 188 ) at com . android . dx . command . dexer . Main . mergeLibraryDexBuffers ( Main . java : 504 ) at com . android . dx . command . dexer . Main . runMonoDex ( Main . java : 334 ) at com . android . dx . command . dexer . Main . run ( Main . java : 277 ) at com . android . dx . command . dexer . Main . main ( Main . java : 245 ) at com . android . dx . command . Main . main ( Main . java : 106 )

网上查询了一下，找到如下的解决方法：

我们常常用 gradle.build文件导入依赖库，但是有时候库依赖会发生版本冲突或多个模块依赖同一个库的情况，这就引出两个问题，如下：

版本冲突时， Gradle会下载多个版本的依赖库吗？当多个模块依赖同一个库时，每个模块都会去下载该依赖库吗？为解决这疑问，接下来我们在 Android Studio用 Gradle举个例子：gradle.build依赖部分的配置：

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 dependencies { compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1' compile ( 'com.android.support:design:22.2.1' ) compile 'com.shamanland:fonticon:0.1.8' androidTestCompile 'com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.1' androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:runner:0.3' androidTestCompile ( 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2' ) }

在文件目录下或 Android Studio的 Terminal下敲 gradlew -q app:dependencies 命令，便有以下输出：

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 _debugAndroidTestApk - # # Internal use , do not manually configure # # + -- - com . android . support : support - annotations : 22.2.1 + -- - com . android . support . test : runner : 0.3 | + -- - com . android . support . test : exposed - instrumentation - api - publish : 0.3 | + -- - junit : junit : 4.12 | | \ -- - org . hamcrest : hamcrest - core : 1.3 | \ -- - com . android . support : support - annotations : 22.2.0 -> 22.2.1 \ -- - com . android . support . test . espresso : espresso - core : 2.2 + -- - com . android . support . test . espresso : espresso - idling - resource : 2.2 + -- - com . squareup : javawriter : 2.1.1 + -- - javax . inject : javax . inject : 1 + -- - org . hamcrest : hamcrest - library : 1.3 | \ -- - org . hamcrest : hamcrest - core : 1.3 + -- - com . android . support . test : rules : 0.3 | \ -- - com . android . support . test : runner : 0.3 ( * ) + -- - org . hamcrest : hamcrest - integration : 1.3 | \ -- - org . hamcrest : hamcrest - library : 1.3 ( * ) + -- - com . google . code . findbugs : jsr305 : 2.0.1 + -- - javax . annotation : javax . annotation - api : 1.2 \ -- - com . android . support . test : runner : 0.3 ( * ) _debugAndroidTestCompile - # # Internal use , do not manually configure # # + -- - com . android . support : support - annotations : 22.2.1 + -- - com . android . support . test : runner : 0.3 | + -- - com . android . support . test : exposed - instrumentation - api - publish : 0.3 | + -- - junit : junit : 4.12 | | \ -- - org . hamcrest : hamcrest - core : 1.3 | \ -- - com . android . support : support - annotations : 22.2.0 -> 22.2.1 \ -- - com . android . support . test . espresso : espresso - core : 2.2 + -- - com . android . support . test . espresso : espresso - idling - resource : 2.2 + -- - com . squareup : javawriter : 2.1.1 + -- - javax . inject : javax . inject : 1 + -- - org . hamcrest : hamcrest - library : 1.3 | \ -- - org . hamcrest : hamcrest - core : 1.3 + -- - com . android . support . test : rules : 0.3 | \ -- - com . android . support . test : runner : 0.3 ( * ) + -- - org . hamcrest : hamcrest - integration : 1.3 | \ -- - org . hamcrest : hamcrest - library : 1.3 ( * ) + -- - com . google . code . findbugs : jsr305 : 2.0.1 + -- - javax . annotation : javax . annotation - api : 1.2 \ -- - com . android . support . test : runner : 0.3 ( * ) _debugApk - # # Internal use , do not manually configure # # + -- - com . android . support : multidex : 1.0.1 + -- - com . android . support : appcompat - v7 : 22.2.1 | \ -- - com . android . support : support - v4 : 22.2.1 | \ -- - com . android . support : support - annotations : 22.2.1 + -- - com . android . support : design : 22.2.1 | + -- - com . android . support : appcompat - v7 : 22.2.1 ( * ) | \ -- - com . android . support : support - v4 : 22.2.1 ( * ) \ -- - com . shamanland : fonticon : 0.1.8 _debugCompile - # # Internal use , do not manually configure # # + -- - com . android . support : multidex : 1.0.1 + -- - com . android . support : appcompat - v7 : 22.2.1 | \ -- - com . android . support : support - v4 : 22.2.1 | \ -- - com . android . support : support - annotations : 22.2.1 + -- - com . android . support : design : 22.2.1 | + -- - com . android . support : appcompat - v7 : 22.2.1 ( * ) | \ -- - com . android . support : support - v4 : 22.2.1 ( * ) \ -- - com . shamanland : fonticon : 0.1.8 _debugUnitTestApk - # # Internal use , do not manually configure # # No dependencies _debugUnitTestCompile - # # Internal use , do not manually configure # # No dependencies _releaseApk - # # Internal use , do not manually configure # # + -- - com . android . support : multidex : 1.0.1 + -- - com . android . support : appcompat - v7 : 22.2.1 | \ -- - com . android . support : support - v4 : 22.2.1 | \ -- - com . android . support : support - annotations : 22.2.1 + -- - com . android . support : design : 22.2.1 | + -- - com . android . support : appcompat - v7 : 22.2.1 ( * ) | \ -- - com . android . support : support - v4 : 22.2.1 ( * ) \ -- - com . shamanland : fonticon : 0.1.8 _releaseCompile - # # Internal use , do not manually configure # # + -- - com . android . support : multidex : 1.0.1 + -- - com . android . support : appcompat - v7 : 22.2.1 | \ -- - com . android . support : support - v4 : 22.2.1 | \ -- - com . android . support : support - annotations : 22.2.1 + -- - com . android . support : design : 22.2.1 | + -- - com . android . support : appcompat - v7 : 22.2.1 ( * ) | \ -- - com . android . support : support - v4 : 22.2.1 ( * ) \ -- - com . shamanland : fonticon : 0.1.8 _releaseUnitTestApk - # # Internal use , do not manually configure # # No dependencies _releaseUnitTestCompile - # # Internal use , do not manually configure # # No dependencies androidJacocoAgent - The Jacoco agent to use to get coverage data . \ -- - org . jacoco : org . jacoco . agent : 0.7.4.201502262128 androidJacocoAnt - The Jacoco ant tasks to use to get execute Gradle tasks . \ -- - org . jacoco : org . jacoco . ant : 0.7.4.201502262128 + -- - org . jacoco : org . jacoco . core : 0.7.4.201502262128 | \ -- - org . ow2 . asm : asm - debug - all : 5.0.1 + -- - org . jacoco : org . jacoco . report : 0.7.4.201502262128 | + -- - org . jacoco : org . jacoco . core : 0.7.4.201502262128 ( * ) | \ -- - org . ow2 . asm : asm - debug - all : 5.0.1 \ -- - org . jacoco : org . jacoco . agent : 0.7.4.201502262128 androidTestApk - Classpath packaged with the compiled 'androidTest' classes . No dependencies androidTestCompile - Classpath for compiling the androidTest sources . + -- - com . android . support : support - annotations : 22.2.1 + -- - com . android . support . test : runner : 0.3 | + -- - com . android . support . test : exposed - instrumentation - api - publish : 0.3 | + -- - junit : junit : 4.12 | | \ -- - org . hamcrest : hamcrest - core : 1.3 | \ -- - com . android . support : support - annotations : 22.2.0 -> 22.2.1 \ -- - com . android . support . test . espresso : espresso - core : 2.2 + -- - com . android . support . test . espresso : espresso - idling - resource : 2.2 + -- - com . squareup : javawriter : 2.1.1 + -- - javax . inject : javax . inject : 1 + -- - org . hamcrest : hamcrest - library : 1.3 | \ -- - org . hamcrest : hamcrest - core : 1.3 + -- - com . android . support . test : rules : 0.3 | \ -- - com . android . support . test : runner : 0.3 ( * ) + -- - org . hamcrest : hamcrest - integration : 1.3 | \ -- - org . hamcrest : hamcrest - library : 1.3 ( * ) + -- - com . google . code . findbugs : jsr305 : 2.0.1 + -- - javax . annotation : javax . annotation - api : 1.2 \ -- - com . android . support . test : runner : 0.3 ( * ) androidTestProvided - Classpath for only compiling the androidTest sources . No dependencies androidTestWearApp - Link to a wear app to embed for object 'androidTest' . No dependencies apk - Classpath packaged with the compiled 'main' classes . No dependencies archives - Configuration for archive artifacts . No dependencies compile - Classpath for compiling the main sources . + -- - com . android . support : appcompat - v7 : 22.2.1 | \ -- - com . android . support : support - v4 : 22.2.1 | \ -- - com . android . support : support - annotations : 22.2.1 + -- - com . android . support : design : 22.2.1 | + -- - com . android . support : appcompat - v7 : 22.2.1 ( * ) | \ -- - com . android . support : support - v4 : 22.2.1 ( * ) \ -- - com . shamanland : fonticon : 0.1.8

可以看出: com.android.support.test:runner:0.3 这个模块原本是依赖于com.android.support:support-annotations22.2.0版本，但由于你又在 gradle.build中加了这行 androidTestCompile 'com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.1' 故gradle就会下载 com.android.support:support-annotations22.2.1版本，而不会去下载 com.android.support:support-annotations22.2.0版本，因此com.android.support.test:runner:0.3 就会被强转变依赖于com.android.support:support-annotations22.2.1版本第二个问题，我还是利用上面gradle命令行打出的信息来看看：

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 debugApk - # # Internal use , do not manually configure # # + -- - com . android . support : multidex : 1.0.1 + -- - com . android . support : appcompat - v7 : 22.2.1 | \ -- - com . android . support : support - v4 : 22.2.1 | \ -- - com . android . support : support - annotations : 22.2.1 + -- - com . android . support : design : 22.2.1 | + -- - com . android . support : appcompat - v7 : 22.2.1 ( * ) | \ -- - com . android . support : support - v4 : 22.2.1 ( * ) \ -- - com . shamanland : fonticon : 0.1.8

仔细看上面的依赖， com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1 和com.android.support:design:22.2.1，有共同依赖一个 com.android.support:support-v4:22.2.1库，且 com.android.support:design:22.2.1 依赖于com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1，但从打印出的信息可以看出com.android.support:design:22.2.1 依赖两个库的信息被打了星号标记，这标记意思是忽略这两个依赖的意思，也就是说不去下载这两个库。从上面的两个例子来看， gradle对于需要多个版本的依赖库来说，一般只会下载你配置导入那个版本，如果没有手动导入，那就会下载所有模块依赖的最新版本那个库，面对多个模块依赖同一个库，每个模块不都会去下载该依赖库，而是下载一个该依赖库，共享给多个模块。修改配置文件为：

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 dependencies { compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1' compile ( 'com.android.support:design:22.2.1' ) { exclude group : 'com.android.support' } compile 'com.shamanland:fonticon:0.1.8' androidTestCompile 'com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.1' androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:runner:0.3' androidTestCompile ( 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2' ) { exclude group : 'com.android.support.test' } }

打印信息：

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 $ gradlew - q app : dependencies -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Project : app -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- _debugAndroidTestApk - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ## + -- - com .android .support : support - annotations : 22.2.1 + -- - com .android .support .test : runner : 0.3 | + -- - com .android .support .test : exposed - instrumentation - api - publish : 0.3 | + -- - junit : junit : 4.12 | | \ -- - org .hamcrest : hamcrest - core : 1.3 | \ -- - com .android .support : support - annotations : 22.2.0 -> 22.2.1 \ -- - com .android .support .test .espresso : espresso - core : 2.2 + -- - com .android .support .test .espresso : espresso - idling - resource : 2.2 + -- - com .squareup : javawriter : 2.1.1 + -- - javax .inject : javax .inject : 1 + -- - org .hamcrest : hamcrest - library : 1.3 | \ -- - org .hamcrest : hamcrest - core : 1.3 + -- - org .hamcrest : hamcrest - integration : 1.3 | \ -- - org .hamcrest : hamcrest - library : 1.3 ( * ) + -- - com .google .code .findbugs : jsr305 : 2.0.1 \ -- - javax .annotation : javax .annotation - api : 1.2 _debugAndroidTestCompile - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ## + -- - com .android .support : support - annotations : 22.2.1 + -- - com .android .support .test : runner : 0.3 | + -- - com .android .support .test : exposed - instrumentation - api - publish : 0.3 | + -- - junit : junit : 4.12 | | \ -- - org .hamcrest : hamcrest - core : 1.3 | \ -- - com .android .support : support - annotations : 22.2.0 -> 22.2.1 \ -- - com .android .support .test .espresso : espresso - core : 2.2 + -- - com .android .support .test .espresso : espresso - idling - resource : 2.2 + -- - com .squareup : javawriter : 2.1.1 + -- - javax .inject : javax .inject : 1 + -- - org .hamcrest : hamcrest - library : 1.3 | \ -- - org .hamcrest : hamcrest - core : 1.3 + -- - org .hamcrest : hamcrest - integration : 1.3 | \ -- - org .hamcrest : hamcrest - library : 1.3 ( * ) + -- - com .google .code .findbugs : jsr305 : 2.0.1 \ -- - javax .annotation : javax .annotation - api : 1.2 _debugApk - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ## + -- - com .android .support : multidex : 1.0.1 + -- - com .android .support : appcompat - v7 : 22.2.1 | \ -- - com .android .support : support - v4 : 22.2.1 | \ -- - com .android .support : support - annotations : 22.2.1 + -- - com .android .support : design : 22.2.1 \ -- - com .shamanland : fonticon : 0.1.8 _debugCompile - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ## + -- - com .android .support : multidex : 1.0.1 + -- - com .android .support : appcompat - v7 : 22.2.1 | \ -- - com .android .support : support - v4 : 22.2.1 | \ -- - com .android .support : support - annotations : 22.2.1 + -- - com .android .support : design : 22.2.1 \ -- - com .shamanland : fonticon : 0.1.8 _debugUnitTestApk - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ## No dependencies _debugUnitTestCompile - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ## No dependencies _releaseApk - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ## + -- - com .android .support : multidex : 1.0.1 + -- - com .android .support : appcompat - v7 : 22.2.1 | \ -- - com .android .support : support - v4 : 22.2.1 | \ -- - com .android .support : support - annotations : 22.2.1 + -- - com .android .support : design : 22.2.1 \ -- - com .shamanland : fonticon : 0.1.8 _releaseCompile - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ## + -- - com .android .support : multidex : 1.0.1 + -- - com .android .support : appcompat - v7 : 22.2.1 | \ -- - com .android .support : support - v4 : 22.2.1 | \ -- - com .android .support : support - annotations : 22.2.1 + -- - com .android .support : design : 22.2.1 \ -- - com .shamanland : fonticon : 0.1.8 _releaseUnitTestApk - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ## No dependencies _releaseUnitTestCompile - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ## No dependencies androidJacocoAgent - The Jacoco agent to use to get coverage data . \ -- - org .jacoco : org .jacoco .agent : 0.7.4.201502262128 androidJacocoAnt - The Jacoco ant tasks to use to get execute Gradle tasks . \ -- - org .jacoco : org .jacoco .ant : 0.7.4.201502262128 + -- - org .jacoco : org .jacoco .core : 0.7.4.201502262128 | \ -- - org .ow2 .asm : asm - debug - all : 5.0.1 + -- - org .jacoco : org .jacoco .report : 0.7.4.201502262128 | + -- - org .jacoco : org .jacoco .core : 0.7.4.201502262128 ( * ) | \ -- - org .ow2 .asm : asm - debug - all : 5.0.1 \ -- - org .jacoco : org .jacoco .agent : 0.7.4.201502262128 androidTestApk - Classpath packaged with the compiled 'androidTest' classes . No dependencies androidTestCompile - Classpath for compiling the androidTest sources . + -- - com .android .support : support - annotations : 22.2.1 + -- - com .android .support .test : runner : 0.3 | + -- - com .android .support .test : exposed - instrumentation - api - publish : 0.3 | + -- - junit : junit : 4.12 | | \ -- - org .hamcrest : hamcrest - core : 1.3 | \ -- - com .android .support : support - annotations : 22.2.0 -> 22.2.1 \ -- - com .android .support .test .espresso : espresso - core : 2.2 + -- - com .android .support .test .espresso : espresso - idling - resource : 2.2 + -- - com .squareup : javawriter : 2.1.1 + -- - javax .inject : javax .inject : 1 + -- - org .hamcrest : hamcrest - library : 1.3 | \ -- - org .hamcrest : hamcrest - core : 1.3 + -- - org .hamcrest : hamcrest - integration : 1.3 | \ -- - org .hamcrest : hamcrest - library : 1.3 ( * ) + -- - com .google .code .findbugs : jsr305 : 2.0.1 \ -- - javax .annotation : javax .annotation - api : 1.2 androidTestProvided - Classpath for only compiling the androidTest sources . No dependencies androidTestWearApp - Link to a wear app to embed for object 'androidTest' . No dependencies apk - Classpath packaged with the compiled 'main' classes . No dependencies archives - Configuration for archive artifacts . No dependencies compile - Classpath for compiling the main sources . + -- - com .android .support : appcompat - v7 : 22.2.1 | \ -- - com .android .support : support - v4 : 22.2.1 | \ -- - com .android .support : support - annotations : 22.2.1 + -- - com .android .support : design : 22.2.1 \ -- - com .shamanland : fonticon : 0.1.8

比较上面两种配置 compile信息部分，后面一种配置的com.android.support:design:22.2.1 就没有输出两个打星号的依赖库信息了。因此遇到这两种情况是，是 gradle能自动帮我们解决掉了这两种情况，对于如何使用 gralde命令行查看库依赖请看官方文档

参考链接

gradle 管理依赖库两个问题

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