Maven手工管理项目
1.Maven手工管理简单项目
创建需要管理的项目目录
SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:webapps switch$ mkdir maven-restaurant
SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:webapps switch$ cd maven-restaurant/
SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:maven-restaurant switch$
使用mvn archetype:generate 参数，命令生成maven项目模板及pom.xml配置文件(这个生成的是web项目)
SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:maven-restaurant switch$ mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=com.netease.restaurant -DartifactId=Restaurant -Dpackage=com.netease -Dversion=1.0.0-SNAPSHOT -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-webapp
[INFO] Using property: groupId = com.netease.restaurant [INFO] Using property: artifactId = Restaurant [INFO] Using property: version = 1.0.0-SNAPSHOT [INFO] Using property: package = com.netease Confirm properties configuration: groupId: com.netease.restaurant artifactId: Restaurant version: 1.0.0-SNAPSHOT
package: com.netease
Y: : y [INFO] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Using following parameters for creating project from Old (1.x) Archetype: maven-archetype-webapp:1.0 [INFO] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Parameter: basedir, Value: /Users/switch/apache-tomcat-7.0.70/webapps/maven-restaurant [INFO] Parameter: package, Value: com.netease [INFO] Parameter: groupId, Value: com.netease.restaurant [INFO] Parameter: artifactId, Value: Restaurant [INFO] Parameter: packageName, Value: com.netease [INFO] Parameter: version, Value: 1.0.0-SNAPSHOT [INFO] project created from Old (1.x) Archetype in dir: /Users/switch/apache-tomcat-7.0.70/webapps/maven-restaurant/Restaurant [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Total time: 03:18 min [INFO] Finished at: 2016-08-14T12:10:17+08:00 [INFO] Final Memory: 12M/236M [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:maven-restaurant switch$ ls Restaurant
SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:maven-restaurant switch$
目录视图
在main目录下建立java目录，用于存放java文件
SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:maven-restaurant switch$ cd Restaurant/src/main/ SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:main switch$ mkdir java SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:main switch$ ls java resources webapp
SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:main switch$
创建包结构
SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:main switch$ cd java/
SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:java switch$ mkdir -p com/netease SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:java switch$ cd com/netease/ SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:netease switch$ ls
SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:netease switch$
将java文件放入包中
SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:netease switch$ cp /Users/switch/apache-tomcat-7.0.70/webapps/NoodlesServlet.java . SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:netease switch$ ls NoodlesServlet.java
SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:netease switch$
将web.xml文件替换成写好的，或者更改该文件，配置相应参数(这里替换)
SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:netease switch$ cp /Users/switch/apache-tomcat-7.0.70/webapps/web.xml /Users/switch/apache-tomcat-7.0.70/webapps/maven-restaurant/Restaurant/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/
SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:netease switch$
修改pom.xml配置文件
加入servlet依赖，在<dependencies>元素下加入(
注意：依赖组件有可能版本更新了，因为我配置了阿里云仓库，所以到
http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/#view-repositories;central~browsestorage去找相应配置)
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>4.0.0-b01</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
配置compiler与tomcat插件，方便调试，在<build>元素下加入
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<source>1.6</source>
<target>1.6</target>
<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
<artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
<configuration>
<uriEncoding>UTF-8</uriEncoding>
<finalName>Restaurant</finalName>
<server>tomcat</server>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
启动一个嵌入的Tomcat实例(注意：必须要到配置好了的项目的目录去使用命令，否则启动失败)
SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:Restaurant switch$ pwd
/Users/switch/apache-tomcat-7.0.70/webapps/maven-restaurant/Restaurant
SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:Restaurant switch$ mvn tomcat7:run
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Building Restaurant Maven Webapp 1.0.0-SNAPSHOT [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] [INFO] >>> tomcat7-maven-plugin:2.2:run (default-cli) > process-classes @ Restaurant >>> [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ Restaurant --- [WARNING] Using platform encoding (UTF-8 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent! [INFO] Copying 0 resource [INFO] [INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ Restaurant --- [INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date [INFO] [INFO] <<< tomcat7-maven-plugin:2.2:run (default-cli) < process-classes @ Restaurant <<< [INFO] [INFO] --- tomcat7-maven-plugin:2.2:run (default-cli) @ Restaurant --- [INFO] Running war on http://localhost:8080/Restaurant [INFO] Using existing Tomcat server configuration at /Users/switch/apache-tomcat-7.0.70/webapps/maven-restaurant/Restaurant/target/tomcat [INFO] create webapp with contextPath: /Restaurant 八月 14, 2016 1:04:20 下午 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol init 信息: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-8080"] 八月 14, 2016 1:04:20 下午 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService startInternal 信息: Starting service Tomcat 八月 14, 2016 1:04:20 下午 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine startInternal
信息: Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/7.0.47
八月 14, 2016 1:04:23 下午 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol star
信息: Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-8080"]
2.Maven手工管理多模块项目(以上面为基础)
使用mvn archetype:generate 参数，命令生成maven项目模板及pom.xml配置文件(这个生成的是java项目)
SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:maven-restaurant switch$ mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=com.netease.restaurant -DartifactId=Kitchen -Dpackage=com.netease -Dversion=1.0.0-SNAPSHOT -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-quickstart
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] Using property: groupId = com.netease.restaurant [INFO] Using property: artifactId = Kitchen [INFO] Using property: version = 1.0.0-SNAPSHOT [INFO] Using property: package = com.netease Confirm properties configuration: groupId: com.netease.restaurant artifactId: Kitchen version: 1.0.0-SNAPSHOT package: com.netease Y: : y [INFO] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Using following parameters for creating project from Old (1.x) Archetype: maven-archetype-quickstart:1.0 [INFO] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Parameter: basedir, Value: /Users/switch/apache-tomcat-7.0.70/webapps/maven-restaurant [INFO] Parameter: package, Value: com.netease [INFO] Parameter: groupId, Value: com.netease.restaurant [INFO] Parameter: artifactId, Value: Kitchen [INFO] Parameter: packageName, Value: com.netease [INFO] Parameter: version, Value: 1.0.0-SNAPSHOT [INFO] project created from Old (1.x) Archetype in dir: /Users/switch/apache-tomcat-7.0.70/webapps/maven-restaurant/Kitchen [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Total time: 42.796 s [INFO] Finished at: 2016-08-14T20:25:26+08:00 [INFO] Final Memory: 17M/309M [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:maven-restaurant switch$ ls Kitchen Restaurant
SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:maven-restaurant switch$
目录结构
创建resource目录
SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:maven-restaurant switch$ cd Kitchen/src/main/ SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:main switch$ mkdir resources SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:main switch$ ls java resources
SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:main switch$
创建一个pom.xml管理多个项目
SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:main switch$ cd ../../../ SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:maven-restaurant switch$ ls Kitchen Restaurant SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:maven-restaurant switch$ touch pom.xml
SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:maven-restaurant switch$
配置这个pom.xml文件(添加两个项目(模块))
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.netease.restaurant</groupId>
<artifactId>restaurant-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<name> Multi modules demp </name>
<modules>
<module>Restaurant</module>
<module>Kitchen</module>
</modules>
</project>
配置这两个项目的pom.xml文件(和上面配置的那个pom.xml做依赖)
都要在<url>元素后面插入
<parent>
<groupId>com.netease.restaurant</groupId>
<artifactId>restaurant-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>
</parent>
配置Restaurant项目对Kitchen项目的依赖
在Restaurant项目的pom.xml文件中<dependencies>元素下加入
<dependency>
<groupId>com.netease.restaurant</groupId>
<artifactId>Kitchen</artifactId>
<version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
将包安装到本地仓库，让其他项目进行依赖
SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:maven-restaurant switch$ mvn install
[INFO] Reactor Summary: [INFO] [INFO] Multi modules demp ................................. SUCCESS [ 0.695 s] [INFO] Kitchen ............................................ SUCCESS [ 7.628 s] [INFO] Restaurant Maven Webapp ............................ SUCCESS [ 2.142 s] [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Total time: 10.750 s [INFO] Finished at: 2016-08-14T21:04:34+08:00 [INFO] Final Memory: 21M/305M [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:maven-restaurant switch$
启动一个嵌入的Tomcat实例(注意：必须要到配置好了的项目的目录去使用命令，否则启动失败)
SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:maven-restaurant switch$ cd Restaurant/ SwitchdeMacBook-Pro:Restaurant switch$ mvn tomcat7:run
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
...
[INFO] create webapp with contextPath: /Restaurant 八月 14, 2016 9:07:01 下午 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol init 信息: Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-8080"] 八月 14, 2016 9:07:01 下午 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService startInternal 信息: Starting service Tomcat 八月 14, 2016 9:07:01 下午 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine startInternal 信息: Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/7.0.47 八月 14, 2016 9:07:06 下午 org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start
信息: Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-8080"]
实战：对Restaurant项目进行功能扩展，添加log4j实现日志管理，使用Maven管理对log4j的依赖
在该项目的pom.xml文件中的<dependencies>元素里添加
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.9</version>
</dependency>
配置log4j.properties文件，在项目主目录下的src目录下的resources目录，添加log4j.properties文件，并加入
#定义INFO优先级,R为日志输出目的地
log4j.rootLogger=INFO,R
#设置日志输入类型为文件类型
log4j.appender.R=org.apache.log4j.FileAppender
#设置日志文件名
log4j.appender.R.file=my.log
#每次在文件尾写入新的日志信息
log4j.appender.R.Append=true
#日志输出信息格式类型
log4j.appender.R.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
#日志输出信息格式为 换行、日期、优先级、[类名]、日志信息、换行
log4j.appender.R.layout.ConversionPattern=%n%d%p[%c]-%m%n
在java代码中加入
package com.netease;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Date;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
// 以下两条是加入的
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.apache.log4j.PropertyConfigurator;
import com.netease.Kitchen;
public class NoodlesServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter();
String vegetable = request.getParameter("vegetable");
// 以下是加入的
// 使用Log4j，记录日志
// 创建日志对象
Logger log = Logger.getLogger(NoodlesServlet.class);
// 记录日志
log.info("这次加入的蔬菜是：" + vegetable);
String noodles = Kitchen.makeNoodles(vegetable);
writer.println(noodles);
}
}
PS：配置，运行mvn tomcat7:run(注意，该项目是多模块项目)，访问之后，项目主目录的日志文件，内容如下：
2016-08-16 12:03:56,562INFO[com.netease.NoodlesServlet]-这次加入的蔬菜是：null
2016-08-16 12:04:38,452INFO[com.netease.NoodlesServlet]-这次加入的蔬菜是：Tomato
该博客所使用的项目的完整源代码(使用git克隆，使用Maven导入)：
简单的多模块Maven项目(案例)
-----------参考
log4j学习的一个小例子（构建maven工程)
-------------参考《网易云课堂.Java Web开发入门》
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