多线程--pthread

    xiaoxiao2026-05-22  3

    单处理器上的linux多线程,是通过分时操作完成的;

    此时互斥锁的作用,只有在时间足够的情况下才能体现出来,即有时线程内需要延时;

    否则只有第一个线程不断解锁和获锁,别的线程在第一个线程执行完前无法获得互斥锁。

    函数pthread_join用来等待一个线程的结束。函数原型为:

      extern int pthread_join __P ((pthread_t __th, void **__thread_return));

      第一个参数为被等待的线程标识符,第二个参数为一个用户定义的指针,它可以用来存储被等待线程的返回值。这个函数是一个线程阻塞的函数,调用它的函数将一直等待到被等待的线程结束为止,当函数返回时,被等待线程的资源被收回。一个线程的结束有两种途径,一种是象我们上面的例子一样,函数结束了,调用它的线程也就结束了;另一种方式是通过函数pthread_exit来实现。它的函数原型为:

      extern void pthread_exit __P ((void *__retval)) __attribute__ ((__noreturn__));

      唯一的参数是函数的返回代码,只要pthread_join中的第二个参数thread_return不是NULL,这个值将被传递给 thread_return。最后要说明的是,一个线程不能被多个线程等待,否则第一个接收到信号的线程成功返回,其余调用pthread_join的线程则返回错误代码ESRCH。

      在这一节里,我们编写了一个最简单的线程,并掌握了最常用的三个函数pthread_create,pthread_join和pthread_exit。下面,我们来了解线程的一些常用属性以及如何设置这些属性。

    ///

    源程序:

    /*thread_example.c :  c multiple thread programming in linux

       */

    #include

    #include

    #include

    #include

    #define MAX1 10

    #define MAX2 30

    pthread_t thread[2];

    pthread_mutex_t mut;

    int number=0, i;

    void *thread1()

    {

            printf ("thread1 : I'm thread 1\n");

            for (i = 0; i < MAX1; i++)

            {

                    printf("thread1 : number = %d  i=%d\n",number,i);

                    pthread_mutex_lock(&mut);

                            number++;

                    pthread_mutex_unlock(&mut);

                    sleep(2);

            }

            printf("thread1 :Is main function waiting for me acomplishing task? \n");

            pthread_exit(NULL);

    }

    void *thread2()

    {

            printf("thread2 : I'm thread 2\n");

            for (i = 0; i < MAX2; i++)

            {

                    printf("thread2 : number = %d  i=%d\n",number,i);

                    pthread_mutex_lock(&mut);

                            number++;

                    pthread_mutex_unlock(&mut);

                    sleep(3);

            }

            printf("thread2 :Is main function waiting for me  to acomplish task ?\n");

            pthread_exit(NULL);

    }

    void thread_create(void)

    {

            int temp;

            memset(&thread, 0, sizeof(thread));          //comment1

            /*创建线程*/

            if((temp = pthread_create(&thread[0], NULL, thread1, NULL)) != 0)       //comment2

                    printf("线程1创建失败!\n");

            else

                    printf("Thread 1 is established\n");

            if((temp = pthread_create(&thread[1], NULL, thread2, NULL)) != 0)  //comment3

                    printf("线程2创建失败");

            else

                    printf("Thread 2 is established\n");

    }

    void thread_wait(void)

    {

            /*等待线程结束*/

            if(thread[0] !=0) {                   //comment4

                    pthread_join(thread[0],NULL);

                    printf("Thread 1 is over \n");

            }

            if(thread[1] !=0) {                //comment5

                    pthread_join(thread[1],NULL);

                    printf("Thread 2 is over\n");

            }

    }

    int main()

    {

            /*用默认属性初始化互斥锁*/

            pthread_mutex_init(&mut,NULL);

            printf("I am the main funtion,and I am establishing threads. Ha-ha\n");

            thread_create();

            printf("I am the main funtion,and I am waiting for thread to accomplish task. Ha-ha\n");

            thread_wait();

            return 0;

    }

    ///

    执行情况1(linux终端):[root@localhost root]# gcc -o joint joint.c -lpthread

    [root@localhost root]# ./joint

    I am the main funtion,and I am establishing threads. Ha-ha

    thread1 : I'm thread 1

    thread1 : number = 0  i=0

    Thread 1 is established

    thread2 : I'm thread 2

    thread2 : number = 1  i=0

    Thread 2 is established

    I am the main funtion,and I am waiting for thread to accomplish task. Ha-ha

    thread1 : number = 2  i=1

    thread2 : number = 3  i=2

    thread1 : number = 4  i=3

    thread2 : number = 5  i=4

    thread1 : number = 6  i=5

    thread1 : number = 7  i=6

    thread2 : number = 8  i=7

    thread1 : number = 9  i=8

    thread2 : number = 10  i=9

    thread1 :Is main function waiting for me acomplishing task?

    Thread 1 is over

    thread2 : number = 11  i=11

    thread2 : number = 12  i=12

    thread2 : number = 13  i=13

    thread2 : number = 14  i=14

    thread2 : number = 15  i=15

    thread2 : number = 16  i=16

    thread2 : number = 17  i=17

    thread2 : number = 18  i=18

    thread2 : number = 19  i=19

    thread2 : number = 20  i=20

    thread2 : number = 21  i=21

    thread2 : number = 22  i=22

    thread2 : number = 23  i=23

    thread2 : number = 24  i=24

    thread2 : number = 25  i=25

    thread2 : number = 26  i=26

    thread2 : number = 27  i=27

    thread2 : number = 28  i=28

    thread2 : number = 29  i=29

    thread2 :Is main function waiting for me  to acomplish task ?

    Thread 2 is over

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