搞了那么多天，终于搞出来了。
之前的问题在于没有配置apt源，租用的阿里云的默认apt源报404错误。
后来网上搜索了很多源来配置都不能成功。
皇天不负有心人，终于让我找到了比较好的apt源，推荐下面这个中科大的apt源：
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise universe deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise universe deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise multiverse deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates multiverse deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security main restricted deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security main restricted deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security universe deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security universe deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security multiverse deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security multiverse
配置apt源的路径在：/etc/apt/sources.list
注意：一定要执行刷新 sudo apt-get update
apt-get install mysql-server完成之后，设置新用户：
create user 'frank'@'localhost';
set password for 'frank'@'localhost' = password('abcdefg');
password()是采用字符密码的方式来设置
