大数据学习之Hive的安装

  一、Hive简介         Hive是基于Hadoop的一个数据仓库工具，可以将结构化的数据文件映射为一张数据库表，并提供简单的sql查询功能，可以将sql语句转换为MapReduce任务进行运行。 其优点是学习成本低，可以通过类SQL语句快速实现简单的MapReduce统计，不必开发专门的MapReduce应用，十分适合数据仓库的统计分析。

      二、Hive安装模式       Hive安装模式有三种：嵌入式安装，本地安装和远程安装，嵌入式安装默认使用hive里自带的derby数据库，本文不再赘述。本地安装与远程安装大致相同，本文介绍本地安装。

     三、安装前提      Hive是基于hadoop之上的数据仓库，故要安装hive，必须先安装hadoop，关于hadoop的安装，我会在后面的博文整理出。需要注意的是：hive的版本必须要与hadoop的版本相配，不然启动会出现很多问题，例如：

which: no hbase in (/usr/lib64/qt-3.3/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/local2/jdk/bin:/usr/local2/hadoop/bin:/usr/local2/hadoop/sbin:/root/bin) Logging initialized using configuration in jar:file:/usr/local2/apache-hive-2.1.1-bin/lib/hive-common-2.1.1.jar!/hive-log4j2.properties Async: true Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException: org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.HiveException: java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to instantiate org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.SessionHiveMetaStoreClient at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.start(SessionState.java:591) at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.beginStart(SessionState.java:531) at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.run(CliDriver.java:705) at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.main(CliDriver.java:641) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.run(RunJar.java:221) at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.main(RunJar.java:136) Caused by: org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.HiveException: java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to instantiate org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.SessionHiveMetaStoreClient at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.Hive.registerAllFunctionsOnce(Hive.java:226) at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.Hive.<init>(Hive.java:366) at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.Hive.create(Hive.java:310) at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.Hive.getInternal(Hive.java:290) at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.Hive.get(Hive.java:266) at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.start(SessionState.java:558) ... 9 more Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to instantiate org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.SessionHiveMetaStoreClient at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.MetaStoreUtils.newInstance(MetaStoreUtils.java:1654) at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RetryingMetaStoreClient.<init>(RetryingMetaStoreClient.java:80) at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RetryingMetaStoreClient.getProxy(RetryingMetaStoreClient.java:130) at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RetryingMetaStoreClient.getProxy(RetryingMetaStoreClient.java:101) at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.Hive.createMetaStoreClient(Hive.java:3367) at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.Hive.getMSC(Hive.java:3406) at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.Hive.getMSC(Hive.java:3386) at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.Hive.getAllFunctions(Hive.java:3640) at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.Hive.reloadFunctions(Hive.java:236) at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.Hive.registerAllFunctionsOnce(Hive.java:221) ... 14 more Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62) at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45) at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423) at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.MetaStoreUtils.newInstance(MetaStoreUtils.java:1652) ... 23 more Caused by: MetaException(message:Version information not found in metastore. ) at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.ObjectStore.checkSchema(ObjectStore.java:7753) at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.ObjectStore.verifySchema(ObjectStore.java:7731) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RawStoreProxy.invoke(RawStoreProxy.java:101) at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy21.verifySchema(Unknown Source) at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStore$HMSHandler.getMS(HiveMetaStore.java:565) at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStore$HMSHandler.createDefaultDB(HiveMetaStore.java:626) at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStore$HMSHandler.init(HiveMetaStore.java:416) at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RetryingHMSHandler.<init>(RetryingHMSHandler.java:78) at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.RetryingHMSHandler.getProxy(RetryingHMSHandler.java:84) at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStore.newRetryingHMSHandler(HiveMetaStore.java:6490) at org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStoreClient.<init>(HiveMetaStoreClient.java:238) at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.SessionHiveMetaStoreClient.<init>(SessionHiveMetaStoreClient.java:70) ... 28 more这些异常错误！我当时的hive版本是2.1.1版本，hadoop是2.6.5版本。之后将hive换成1.2.1版本之后就成功启动。

       四：安装步骤

 1.首先安装mysql，关于CentOS下Mysql的安装，可以参照我的另一篇博文。链接：http://blog.csdn.net/u010592112/article/details/61011349        2.获取hive安装包：首先到官网下载hive的安装包，下载链接：https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/hive/ 这里目测是清华大学的源，下载速度非常快。另外还推荐个网址：http://archive.apache.org/dist/ 在这个网站可以下Apache所以开源项目的安装包，缺点是下载速度很慢。        3.解压：在/usr目录下新建一个文件目录（mkdir XXX），我新建的目录为local2，将下载好的hive安装包放到该目录，然后解压（tar -zxvf apache-hive-1.2.1-bin.tar.gz）。        4.修改配置文件：切换到hive安装目录的conf目录下，创建一个名为hive-site.xml的配置文件，配置的内容如下所示：

<?xml version="1.0"?> <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?> <configuration> <property> <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name> <value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hive</value>若要使用远程安装，则只需要修改localhost </property> <property> <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name> <value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value> </property> <property> <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name> <value>root</value> </property> <property> <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name> <value>96468223</value> </property> </configuration>      

五：jdbc驱动包：       将jdbc驱动包放到hive安装目录下的lib目录下。 至此，大功告成，切换到hive的bin目录下，输入./hive命令即刻启动hive，若出现 hive> 则hive安装成功。       附：在第二次安装过程中出现了

[ERROR] Terminal initialization failed; falling back to unsupported java.lang.IncompatibleClassChangeError: Found class jline.Terminal, but interface was expected at jline.TerminalFactory.create(TerminalFactory.java:101) at jline.TerminalFactory.get(TerminalFactory.java:158) at jline.console.ConsoleReader.<init>(ConsoleReader.java:229) at jline.console.ConsoleReader.<init>(ConsoleReader.java:221) at jline.console.ConsoleReader.<init>(ConsoleReader.java:209) at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.setupConsoleReader(CliDriver.java:787) at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.executeDriver(CliDriver.java:721) at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.run(CliDriver.java:681) at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.main(CliDriver.java:621) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.run(RunJar.java:221) at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.main(RunJar.java:136) Exception in thread "main" java.lang.IncompatibleClassChangeError: Found class jline.Terminal, but interface was expected at jline.console.ConsoleReader.<init>(ConsoleReader.java:230) at jline.console.ConsoleReader.<init>(ConsoleReader.java:221) at jline.console.ConsoleReader.<init>(ConsoleReader.java:209) at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.setupConsoleReader(CliDriver.java:787) at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.executeDriver(CliDriver.java:721) at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.run(CliDriver.java:681) at org.apache.hadoop.hive.cli.CliDriver.main(CliDriver.java:621) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.run(RunJar.java:221) at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.main(RunJar.java:136)

   这个错误，这是由于我刚安装hive2.1.1版本时在hadoop中有残留文件产生了冲突，         解决方案：可以备份并且移除 $HADOOP_HOME/share/hadoop/yarn/lib/ 下的jline-0.9.94.jar文件，它与beeline的依赖产生冲突。