1.准备
开发工具:MyEclipse
运行环境:Tomcat
2.创建web工程
3.导入struts2的核心jar包
4.定义web.xml文件中的struts2过滤器,这里在导入struts2是已经帮我们写好了。如果没有写,需要我们自己定义
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> <!-- struts2过滤器 --> <filter> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <filter-class> org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> </web-app> 5.写一个简单的登录测试Action,里面包含execute()方法UsersAction.java
package cn.icloudit.web.action; public class UsersAction { private String uname; private String upwd; public String execute() { if("tom".equals(uname)){ return "success"; } return "login"; } public String getUname() { return uname; } public void setUname(String uname) { this.uname = uname; } public String getUpwd() { return upwd; } public void setUpwd(String upwd) { this.upwd = upwd; } } 6.定义struts.xml配置文件struts.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.1//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.1.dtd"> <struts> <package name="users" namespace="/" extends="struts-default"> <action name="login" class="cn.icloudit.web.action.UsersAction"> <result name="success"> /main.jsp </result> <result name="login"> /index.jsp </result> </action> </package> </struts> 在上面的红色部分,可以看到我并没有写 method = "execute", 也就没有指定返回的方法。(注意到这一点非常重要)7.编写视图页面 /struts2_s2/WebRoot/index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%> <% String path = request.getContextPath(); String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/"; %> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <base href="<%=basePath%>"> <title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title> <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0"> <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"> <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page"> <!-- <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css"> --> </head> <body> <div align="center"> <form action="/struts2_s2/login" method="post"> 用户名:<input type="text" name="uname"><br/> 密 码:<input type="password" name="upwd"><br/> <input type="submit" value="登录"> </form> </div> </body> </html>form表单提交到struts2_s2项目下的login,在struts.xml中定义好了的
/struts2_s2/WebRoot/main.jsp <%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%> <% String path = request.getContextPath(); String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/"; %> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <title>My JSP 'main.jsp' starting page</title> </head> <body> 登录成功,欢迎${uname } <br> </body> </html> 8.启动tomcat,运行测试。
登录成功,跳转页面
测试成功!
9.总结: 关键的地方在UsersAction.java中,定义了一个execute()方法,
在struts.xml配置的action中,可以不用指定method="execute",
依然会在action指定的类
class="cn.icloudit.web.action.UsersAction"中默认访问execute()方法,这就是struts2的execute()方法的使用。
要注意,如果UsersAction中有其他方法要使用,还需要指定method="方法名”,当方法太多时,可以在action中使用通配符。如
<action name="*" class="cn.icloudit.web.action.UsersAction" method="{1}">
如果Action定义太多时,在每个不同的Action中有一些xiangtong在实际开发中常常会遇到这种情况,这是需要定义包的命名空间
<package name="users" namespace="/users" extends="struts-default">