cdh5.7权限测试示例

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本文旨在展示CDH基于Kerberos身份认证和基于Sentry的权限控制功能的测试示例。

1. 准备测试数据

1 2 3 4 5 6 cat /tmp/events.csv 10.1 . 2.3 ,US,android,createNote 10.200 . 88.99 ,FR,windows,updateNote 10.1 . 2.3 ,US,android,updateNote 10.200 . 88.77 ,FR,ios,createNote 10.1 . 4.5 ,US,windows,updateTag

2. 创建用户 2.1. 创建系统用户 在集群所有节点创建系统用户并设置密码

1 2 3 4 5 6 useradd user1 passwd user1 useradd user2 passwd user2 useradd user3 passwd user3

2.2. 创建kerberos用户

1 2 3 kadmin.local -q  "addprinc user1" kadmin.local -q  "addprinc user2" kadmin.local -q  "addprinc user3"

3. 创建数据库和表 3.1. 创建数据库 admin为sentry的超级管理员，该用户配置权限时已设置

1 kinit admin

通过beeline连接 hiveserver2，运行下面命令创建hive库的超级管理员角色, 并将该角色赋予admin组，使admin有操作hive库的权力

1 2 3 4 beeline -u  "jdbc:hive2://vmw208:10000/;principal=hive/vmw208@HADOOP.COM" create role admin_role; GRANT ALL ON SERVER server1 TO ROLE admin_role; GRANT ROLE admin_role TO GROUP admin;

创建两个测试数据库

1 2 create database db1; create database db2;

3.2. 创建表 在两个测试数据库中各创建一张测试表,并导入测试数据

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 create table db1.table1 ( ip STRING, country STRING, client STRING, action STRING ) ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY  ',' ;   create table db2.table1 ( ip STRING, country STRING, client STRING, action STRING ) ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY  ',' ; create table db2.table2 ( ip STRING, country STRING, client STRING, action STRING ) ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY  ',' ;     load data local inpath  '/home/iie/events.csv'  overwrite into table db1.table1; load data local inpath  '/home/iie/events.csv'  overwrite into table db2.table1; load data local inpath  '/home/iie/events.csv'  overwrite into table db2.table2;

　　

4. 赋予用户权限 4.1. 给user1赋予db1的所有权限

1 2 3 create role user1_role; GRANT ALL ON DATABASE db1 TO ROLE user1_role; GRANT ROLE user1_role TO GROUP user1;

4.2. 给user2赋予db2的所有权限

1 2 3 create role user2_role; GRANT ALL ON DATABASE db2 TO ROLE user2_role; GRANT ROLE user2_role TO GROUP user2;

4.3. 给user3赋予db2.table1的所有权限

1 2 3 4 create role user3_role; use db2; GRANT select ON table table1 TO ROLE user3_role; GRANT ROLE user3_role TO GROUP user3;

5. 测试用户权限 5.1. Hive测试 5.1.1. admin用户拥有整个hive库的权限

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 kinit admin beeline -u  "jdbc:hive2://vmw208:10000/;principal=hive/vmw208@HADOOP.COM" show databases; 5.1 . 2 .  user1用户只具有db1和 default 的权限 kinit user1 beeline -u  "jdbc:hive2://vmw208:10000/;principal=hive/vmw208@HADOOP.COM" 0 : jdbc:hive2: //vmw208:10000/> show databases; +----------------+--+ | database_name | +----------------+--+ | db1 | |  default  | +----------------+--+

5.1.3. user2用户只具有db2和default的权限

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 kinit user2 beeline -u  "jdbc:hive2://vmw208:10000/;principal=hive/vmw208@HADOOP.COM" 0 : jdbc:hive2: //vmw208:10000/> show databases; +----------------+--+ | database_name | +----------------+--+ | db2 | |  default  | +----------------+--+

5.1.4. user3用户只具有db2.table1和default的权限

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 kinit user2 beeline -u  "jdbc:hive2://vmw208:10000/;principal=hive/vmw208@HADOOP.COM" 0 : jdbc:hive2: //vmw208:10000/> show databases; +----------------+--+ | database_name | +----------------+--+ | db2 | |  default  | +----------------+--+ 0 : jdbc:hive2: //node0a17:10000/> use db2; 0 : jdbc:hive2: //node0a17:10000/> show tables; INFO : OK +-----------+--+ | tab_name | +-----------+--+ | table1 | +-----------+--+

5.2. Hdfs测试 配置hdfs acl与sentry同步后，hdfs权限与sentry监控的目录（/user/hive/warehouse）的权限同步 5.2.1. 切换到hive用户，查看hive库文件的权限 设置hdfs acl与sentry同步后，sentry监控的hive库的权限改动会同步到对应的hdfs文件权限

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 [root @vmw208  home]# kinit hive [root @vmw208  home]# hdfs dfs -getfacl -R /user/hive/warehouse/ # file: /user/hive/warehouse # owner: hive # group: hive user::rwx user:hive:rwx group::--- group:hive:rwx mask::rwx other::--x   # file: /user/hive/warehouse/db1.db # owner: hive # group: hive user::rwx user:hive:rwx group:user1:rwx group::--- group:hive:rwx mask::rwx other::--x   # file: /user/hive/warehouse/db1.db/table1 # owner: hive # group: hive user::rwx user:hive:rwx group:user1:rwx group::--- group:hive:rwx mask::rwx other::--x   # file: /user/hive/warehouse/db1.db/table1/events.csv # owner: hive # group: hive user::rwx user:hive:rwx group:user1:rwx group::--- group:hive:rwx mask::rwx other::--x   # file: /user/hive/warehouse/db2.db # owner: hive # group: hive user::rwx user:hive:rwx group:user2:rwx group::--- group:hive:rwx mask::rwx other::--x   # file: /user/hive/warehouse/db2.db/table1 # owner: hive # group: hive user::rwx user:hive:rwx group:user2:rwx group::--- group:hive:rwx mask::rwx other::--x   # file: /user/hive/warehouse/db2.db/table1/events.csv # owner: hive # group: hive user::rwx user:hive:rwx group:user2:rwx group::--- group:hive:rwx mask::rwx other::--x

　　

5.2.2. 切换到user1用户，查看hdfs文件

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 [root @vmw208  home]# kinit user1 Password  for  user1 @HADOOP .COM: [root @vmw208  home]# hdfs dfs -ls /user/hive/warehouse/db2.db ls: Permission denied: user=user1, access=READ_EXECUTE, inode= "/user/hive/warehouse/db2.db" :hive:hive:drwxrwx—x [root @vmw208  home]# hdfs dfs -cat /user/hive/warehouse/db2.db/table1/events.csv cat: Permission denied: user=user1, access=READ, inode= "/user/hive/warehouse/db2.db/table1/events.csv" :hive:hive:-rwxrwx--x   [root @vmw208  home]# hdfs dfs -ls /user/hive/warehouse/db1.db Found  1  items drwxrwx--x+ - hive hive  0  2016 - 09 - 29  16 : 54  /user/hive/warehouse/db1.db/table1 [root @vmw208  home]# hdfs dfs -cat /user/hive/warehouse/db1.db/table1/events.csv 10.1 . 2.3 ,US,android,createNote 10.200 . 88.99 ,FR,windows,updateNote 10.1 . 2.3 ,US,android,updateNote 10.200 . 88.77 ,FR,ios,createNote 10.1 . 4.5 ,US,windows,updateTag

　　

5.2.3. 切换到user2用户，查看hdfs文件

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 [root @vmw208  home]# kinit user2 Password  for  user2 @HADOOP .COM: [root @vmw208  home]# hdfs dfs -cat /user/hive/warehouse/db1.db/table1/events.csv cat: Permission denied: user=user2, access=READ, inode= "/user/hive/warehouse/db1.db/table1/events.csv" :hive:hive:-rwxrwx--x [root @vmw208  home]# hdfs dfs -cat /user/hive/warehouse/db2.db/table1/events.csv 10.1 . 2.3 ,US,android,createNote 10.200 . 88.99 ,FR,windows,updateNote 10.1 . 2.3 ,US,android,updateNote 10.200 . 88.77 ,FR,ios,createNote 10.1 . 4.5 ,US,windows,updateTag  

5.3. Spark测试 5.3.1. Spark读hive表数据并打印到控制台 （1） 切换到user1用户测试

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 [root @vmw209  xdf]# kinit user1 Password  for  user1 @HADOOP .COM: [root @vmw209  xdf]# spark-submit -- class  iie.hadoop.permission.QueryTable --master local /home/xdf/spark.jar db2 table1 …… Exception in thread  "main"  org.apache.hadoop.security.AccessControlException: Permission denied: user=user1, access=READ_EXECUTE, inode= "/user/hive/warehouse/db2.db/table1" :hive:hive:drwxrwx—x [root @vmw209  xdf]# spark-submit -- class  iie.hadoop.permission.QueryTable --master local /home/xdf/spark.jar db1 table1 …… +------------+-------+-------+----------+ | ip|country| client| action| +------------+-------+-------+----------+ |  10.1 . 2.3 | US|android|createNote| | 10.200 . 88.99 | FR|windows|updateNote| |  10.1 . 2.3 | US|android|updateNote| | 10.200 . 88.77 | FR| ios|createNote| |  10.1 . 4.5 | US|windows| updateTag| +------------+-------+-------+----------+

　　

（2） 切换到user2用户测试

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 [root @vmw209  xdf]# kinit user2 Password  for  user2 @HADOOP .COM: [root @vmw209  xdf]# spark-submit -- class  iie.hadoop.permission.QueryTable --master local /home/xdf/spark.jar db1 table1 …… Exception in thread  "main"  org.apache.hadoop.security.AccessControlException: Permission denied: user=user2, access=READ_EXECUTE, inode= "/user/hive/warehouse/db1.db/table1" :hive:hive:drwxrwx—x [root @vmw209  xdf]# spark-submit -- class  iie.hadoop.permission.QueryTable --master local /home/xdf/spark.jar db2 table1 …… +------------+-------+-------+----------+ | ip|country| client| action| +------------+-------+-------+----------+ |  10.1 . 2.3 | US|android|createNote| | 10.200 . 88.99 | FR|windows|updateNote| |  10.1 . 2.3 | US|android|updateNote| | 10.200 . 88.77 | FR| ios|createNote| |  10.1 . 4.5 | US|windows| updateTag| +------------+-------+-------+----------+

 

5.3.2. Spark读文件数据写入hive表中 调用工具程序spark.jar读本地文件/home/xdf/events.csv数据写到db2.table2 切换到user2用户测试

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 kinit user2 beeline -u  "jdbc:hive2://vmw208:10000/;principal=hive/vmw208@HADOOP.COM" use db2; create table table2 ( ip STRING, country STRING, client STRING, action STRING ) ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY  ',' ; [root @vmw209  xdf]# spark-submit -- class  iie.hadoop.permission.HCatWriterTest --master local /home/xdf/spark.jar /home/xdf/events.csv db2 table2

成功！ 写到db1.table1报错，没有权限！

1 Exception in thread  "main"  org.apache.hive.hcatalog.common.HCatException :  2004  : HCatOutputFormat not initialized, setOutput has to be called. Cause : org.apache.hadoop.security.AccessControlException: Permission denied: user=user2, access=WRITE, inode= "/user/hive/warehouse/db1.db/table1" :hive:hive:drwxrwx--x

上面只是测试环境，因为kinit + 密码的方式有时效限制，不适合在生产环境运行，幸好spark提供了相关的参数：

1 2 3 4 spark-submit …… --principal # 用户对应的kerberos principle --keytab # 对应用户principle生成的密钥文件

spark的权限管理通过对hdfs/hive的文件目录设置权限来管理，不同的用户拥有不同的权限，用户在提交spark任务时，指定对应用户的kerberos principle和keytab来实现权限管理。任务提交命令如下：

1 spark-submit -- class  iie.hadoop.permission.QueryTable --master yarn-cluster --principal=user1 @HADOOP .COM --keytab=/home/user1/user1.keytab /home/user1/spark.jar db1 table1

其中--principal 和--keytab与用户一一对应

注意：spark-submit只有在yarn-cluster模式下，--principal 和--keytab才有效

5.4. Kafka测试 5.4.1. 认证 用户kafka为kafka权限控制的超级管理员

1 [root @node10  iie]#kinit -kt /home/iie/kafka.keytab kafka

5.4.2. 创建topic 创建topic1和topic2

1 2 [root @node10  iie]#kafka-topics --zookeeper node11: 2181 /kafka --create --topic topic1 --partitions  2  --replication-factor  1 [root @node10  iie]#kafka-topics --zookeeper node11: 2181 /kafka --create --topic topic2 --partitions  2  --replication-factor  1

5.4.3. 赋权 给user1用户附topic1的读写权限

1 2 [root @node10  iie]#kafka-acls --authorizer-properties zookeeper.connect=node11: 2181 /kafka --add --allow-principal User:user1 --allow-host node10  --producer --topic topic1 --group console-consumer- 9175 [root @node10  iie]#kafka-acls --authorizer-properties zookeeper.connect=node11: 2181 /kafka --add --allow-principal User:user1 --allow-host node10  --consumer --topic topic1 --group console-consumer- 9175

给user2用户附topic2的读写权限

1 2 [root @node10  iie]#kafka-acls --authorizer-properties zookeeper.connect=node11: 2181 /kafka --add --allow-principal User:user2 --allow-host node10  --producer --topic topic2 --group console-consumer- 9175 [root @node10  iie]#kafka-acls --authorizer-properties zookeeper.connect=node11: 2181 /kafka --add --allow-principal User:user2 --allow-host node10  --consumer --topic topic2 --group console-consumer- 9175

5.4.4. 查看权限

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 [root @node10  iie]#kafka-acls --authorizer-properties zookeeper.connect=node11: 2181 /kafka --list Current ACLs  for  resource `Topic:topic1`: User:user1 has Allow permission  for  operations: Write from hosts: node10 User:user1 has Allow permission  for  operations: Read from hosts: node10 Current ACLs  for  resource `Topic:topic2`: User:user2 has Allow permission  for  operations: Read from hosts: node10 User:user2 has Allow permission  for  operations: Write from hosts: node10

5.4.5. 创建生产消费配置文件 创建consumer.properties

1 2 3 4 5 cat /etc/kafka/conf/consumer.properties security.protocol=SASL_PLAINTEXT sasl.mechanism=GSSAPI sasl.kerberos.service.name=kafka group.id=console-consumer- 9175

创建producer.properties

1 2 3 4 cat /etc/kafka/conf/producer.properties security.protocol=SASL_PLAINTEXT sasl.mechanism=GSSAPI sasl.kerberos.service.name=kafka

5.4.6. 生产数据 命令行生产数据

1 2 3 4 [root @node10  iie]#kinit user1 [root @node10  iie]#kafka-console-producer --broker-list node12: 9092  --topic topic1 --producer.config /etc/kafka/conf/producer.properties 123123 123123

5.4.7. 消费数据 命令行消费数据

1 2 3 4 [root @node10  iie]#kinit user1 [root @node10  iie]#kafka-console-consumer --bootstrap-server node12: 9092  --topic topic1 -- new -consumer --from-beginning --consumer.config /etc/kafka/conf/consumer.properties 123123 123123

用户对topic没有权限时报错

1 2 3 4 5 [root @node10  iie]# kinit user2 Password  for  user2 @HADOOP .COM: [root @node10  iie]# kafka-console-consumer --bootstrap-server node12: 9092  --topic topic1 -- new -consumer --from-beginning --consumer.config /etc/kafka/conf/consumer.properties [ 2016 - 10 - 12  15 : 38 : 01 , 599 ] ERROR Unknown error when running consumer:  (kafka.tools.ConsoleConsumer$) org.apache.kafka.common.errors.TopicAuthorizationException: Not authorized to access topics: [topic1]

5.4.8. 移除权限 登陆管理员用户移除权限

1 [root @node10  iie]#kinit -kt /home/iie/kafka.keytab kafka

删除user1对topic1的消费权限

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 [root @node10  iie]# kafka-acls --authorizer-properties zookeeper.connect=node11: 2181 /kafka --remove --allow-principal User:user1 --allow-host node10 --consumer --topic topic1 --group console-consumer- 92175 Are you sure you want to remove ACLs:      User:user1 has Allow permission  for  operations: Read from hosts: node10      User:user1 has Allow permission  for  operations: Describe from hosts: node10   from resource `Topic:topic1`? (y/n) y Are you sure you want to remove ACLs:      User:user1 has Allow permission  for  operations: Read from hosts: node10   from resource `Group:console-consumer- 92175 `? (y/n) y Current ACLs  for  resource `Topic:topic1`:      User:Aluser1 has Allow permission  for  operations: Read from hosts: node10      User:Aluser1 has Allow permission  for  operations: Describe from hosts: node10      User:user1 has Allow permission  for  operations: Write from hosts: node10   Current ACLs  for  resource `Group:console-consumer- 92175 `:

　　

测试user1消费topic1报错，说明权限已经移除

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 [root @node10  iie]# kinit user1 Password  for  user1 @HADOOP .COM: [root @node10  iie]# kafka-console-consumer --bootstrap-server node12: 9092  --topic topic1 -- new -consumer --from-beginning --consumer.config /etc/kafka/conf/consumer.properties [ 2016 - 10 - 12  15 : 45 : 11 , 572 ] WARN The configuration sasl.mechanism = GSSAPI was supplied but isn't a known config. (org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerConfig) [ 2016 - 10 - 12  15 : 45 : 11 , 914 ] WARN Not authorized to read from topic topic1. (org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.internals.Fetcher) [ 2016 - 10 - 12  15 : 45 : 11 , 916 ] ERROR Error processing message, terminating consumer process:  (kafka.tools.ConsoleConsumer$) org.apache.kafka.common.errors.TopicAuthorizationException: Not authorized to access topics: [topic1] [ 2016 - 10 - 12  15 : 45 : 11 , 920 ] WARN Not authorized to read from topic topic1. (org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.internals.Fetcher) [ 2016 - 10 - 12  15 : 45 : 11 , 921 ] ERROR Not authorized to commit to topics [topic1]  for  group console-consumer- 9175  (org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.internals.ConsumerCoordinator) [ 2016 - 10 - 12  15 : 45 : 11 , 922 ] WARN Auto offset commit failed  for  group console-consumer- 9175 : Not authorized to access topics: [topic1] (org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.internals.ConsumerCoordinator) [ 2016 - 10 - 12  15 : 45 : 11 , 927 ] WARN TGT renewal thread has been interrupted and will exit. (org.apache.kafka.common.security.kerberos.Login) Processed a total of  0  messages