Android 6.0动态权限框架EasyPermissions的使用

在6.0下新的权限机制分为两类，Normal Permissions，这类权限是不需要用户授权，不会触及用户的隐私，只需要在manefest里面申请即可；还有一类是Dangerous Permissions，这类权限需要动态的去申请。

Normal Permission如下：

[java] view plain copy print ? android.permission.ACCESS_LOCATION_EXTRA_COMMANDS  android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE  android.permission.ACCESS_NOTIFICATION_POLICY  android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE  android.permission.ACCESS_WIMAX_STATE  android.permission.BLUETOOTH  android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN  android.permission.BROADCAST_STICKY  android.permission.CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE  android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_MULTICAST_STATE  android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE  android.permission.CHANGE_WIMAX_STATE  android.permission.DISABLE_KEYGUARD  android.permission.EXPAND_STATUS_BAR  android.permission.FLASHLIGHT  android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS  android.permission.GET_PACKAGE_SIZE  android.permission.INTERNET  android.permission.KILL_BACKGROUND_PROCESSES  android.permission.MODIFY_AUDIO_SETTINGS  android.permission.NFC  android.permission.READ_SYNC_SETTINGS  android.permission.READ_SYNC_STATS  android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED  android.permission.REORDER_TASKS  android.permission.REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES  android.permission.SET_TIME_ZONE  android.permission.SET_WALLPAPER  android.permission.SET_WALLPAPER_HINTS  android.permission.SUBSCRIBED_FEEDS_READ  android.permission.TRANSMIT_IR  android.permission.USE_FINGERPRINT  android.permission.VIBRATE  android.permission.WAKE_LOCK  android.permission.WRITE_SYNC_SETTINGS  com.android.alarm.permission.SET_ALARM  com.android.launcher.permission.INSTALL_SHORTCUT  com.android.launcher.permission.UNINSTALL_SHORTCUT   android.permission.ACCESS_LOCATION_EXTRA_COMMANDS android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE android.permission.ACCESS_NOTIFICATION_POLICY android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE android.permission.ACCESS_WIMAX_STATE android.permission.BLUETOOTH android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN android.permission.BROADCAST_STICKY android.permission.CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_MULTICAST_STATE android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE android.permission.CHANGE_WIMAX_STATE android.permission.DISABLE_KEYGUARD android.permission.EXPAND_STATUS_BAR android.permission.FLASHLIGHT android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS android.permission.GET_PACKAGE_SIZE android.permission.INTERNET android.permission.KILL_BACKGROUND_PROCESSES android.permission.MODIFY_AUDIO_SETTINGS android.permission.NFC android.permission.READ_SYNC_SETTINGS android.permission.READ_SYNC_STATS android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED android.permission.REORDER_TASKS android.permission.REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES android.permission.SET_TIME_ZONE android.permission.SET_WALLPAPER android.permission.SET_WALLPAPER_HINTS android.permission.SUBSCRIBED_FEEDS_READ android.permission.TRANSMIT_IR android.permission.USE_FINGERPRINT android.permission.VIBRATE android.permission.WAKE_LOCK android.permission.WRITE_SYNC_SETTINGS com.android.alarm.permission.SET_ALARM com.android.launcher.permission.INSTALL_SHORTCUT com.android.launcher.permission.UNINSTALL_SHORTCUT

Dangerous Permissions：

[java] view plain copy print ? group:android.permission-group.CONTACTS    permission:android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS    permission:android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS        permission:android.permission.READ_CONTACTS    group:android.permission-group.PHONE    permission:android.permission.READ_CALL_LOG    permission:android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE     permission:android.permission.CALL_PHONE    permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALL_LOG    permission:android.permission.USE_SIP    permission:android.permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS    permission:com.android.voicemail.permission.ADD_VOICEMAIL    group:android.permission-group.CALENDAR    permission:android.permission.READ_CALENDAR    permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR    group:android.permission-group.CAMERA    permission:android.permission.CAMERA    group:android.permission-group.SENSORS    permission:android.permission.BODY_SENSORS    group:android.permission-group.LOCATION    permission:android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION    permission:android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION    group:android.permission-group.STORAGE    permission:android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE    permission:android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE    group:android.permission-group.MICROPHONE    permission:android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO    group:android.permission-group.SMS    permission:android.permission.READ_SMS    permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH    permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_MMS    permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS    permission:android.permission.SEND_SMS    permission:android.permission.READ_CELL_BROADCASTS   group:android.permission-group.CONTACTS permission:android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS permission:android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS permission:android.permission.READ_CONTACTS group:android.permission-group.PHONE permission:android.permission.READ_CALL_LOG permission:android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE permission:android.permission.CALL_PHONE permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALL_LOG permission:android.permission.USE_SIP permission:android.permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS permission:com.android.voicemail.permission.ADD_VOICEMAIL group:android.permission-group.CALENDAR permission:android.permission.READ_CALENDAR permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR group:android.permission-group.CAMERA permission:android.permission.CAMERA group:android.permission-group.SENSORS permission:android.permission.BODY_SENSORS group:android.permission-group.LOCATION permission:android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION permission:android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION group:android.permission-group.STORAGE permission:android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE permission:android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE group:android.permission-group.MICROPHONE permission:android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO group:android.permission-group.SMS permission:android.permission.READ_SMS permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_MMS permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS permission:android.permission.SEND_SMS permission:android.permission.READ_CELL_BROADCASTS 可以看到Dangerous Permissions是按照组来分类的，如果申请了一组的其中一个权限，那么默认会获得该组的所有权限的使用。

申请的流程

1.在AndroidManifest里面配置需要的权限，无论是普通的还是特殊的权限都需要在这里配置。

2.检查权限，如果没有权限则申请

3.给用户申请权限的解释，这个方法只会在第一次用户拒绝授权，再次去申请这个的权限时会用到

4.申请相应的权限

5.处理申请权限的回调，在这里获得哪些授权成功哪些失败，处理需要的逻辑

具体的例子

下面的例子是获取用户的写外部存储器和打电话的权限

[java] view plain copy print ? public class Main2Activity extends AppCompatActivity {        @Override      protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {          super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);          setContentView(R.layout.activity_main2);            if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE)                  != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {//未获取权限              if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(this, Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE)) {                  //当用户第一次申请拒绝时，再次申请该权限调用                  Toast.makeText(this, “拨打电话权限”, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();              }              //申请权限              ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE}, 0x01);          } else {//已经获得了权限              call();          }      }        private void call() {          Toast.makeText(this, “打电话”, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();      }        @Override      public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {          super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);          if (requestCode == 0x01) {              if (grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {//授权成功                  call();              } else {//授权失败                  Toast.makeText(this, “获取权限失败”, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();              }          }      }  }   public class Main2Activity extends AppCompatActivity { @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main2); if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {//未获取权限 if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(this, Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE)) { //当用户第一次申请拒绝时，再次申请该权限调用 Toast.makeText(this, "拨打电话权限", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } //申请权限 ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE}, 0x01); } else {//已经获得了权限 call(); } } private void call() { Toast.makeText(this, "打电话", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } @Override public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) { super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults); if (requestCode == 0x01) { if (grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {//授权成功 call(); } else {//授权失败 Toast.makeText(this, "获取权限失败", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } } } } 封装的三方库——EasyPermissions

这个用于权限的申请，使用起来十分的简单

导入

[java] view plain copy print ? compile ‘pub.devrel:easypermissions:0.1.5’   compile 'pub.devrel:easypermissions:0.1.5'使用很简单，代码中都有注释，都能看懂

[java] view plain copy print ? public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements EasyPermissions.PermissionCallbacks {        private static final String TAG = “lzy”;        @Override      protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {          super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);          setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);          //所要申请的权限          String[] perms = {Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE};                    if (EasyPermissions.hasPermissions(this, perms)) {//检查是否获取该权限              Log.i(TAG, ”已获取权限”);          } else {              //第二个参数是被拒绝后再次申请该权限的解释              //第三个参数是请求码              //第四个参数是要申请的权限              EasyPermissions.requestPermissions(this, “必要的权限”, 0, perms);          }      }        @Override      public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {          super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);          //把申请权限的回调交由EasyPermissions处理          EasyPermissions.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults, this);      }        //下面两个方法是实现EasyPermissions的EasyPermissions.PermissionCallbacks接口      //分别返回授权成功和失败的权限      @Override      public void onPermissionsGranted(int requestCode, List<String> perms) {          Log.i(TAG, ”获取成功的权限” + perms);      }        @Override      public void onPermissionsDenied(int requestCode, List<String> perms) {          Log.i(TAG, ”获取失败的权限” + perms);      }  }   public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements EasyPermissions.PermissionCallbacks { private static final String TAG = "lzy"; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); //所要申请的权限 String[] perms = {Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE}; if (EasyPermissions.hasPermissions(this, perms)) {//检查是否获取该权限 Log.i(TAG, "已获取权限"); } else { //第二个参数是被拒绝后再次申请该权限的解释 //第三个参数是请求码 //第四个参数是要申请的权限 EasyPermissions.requestPermissions(this, "必要的权限", 0, perms); } } @Override public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) { super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults); //把申请权限的回调交由EasyPermissions处理 EasyPermissions.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults, this); } //下面两个方法是实现EasyPermissions的EasyPermissions.PermissionCallbacks接口 //分别返回授权成功和失败的权限 @Override public void onPermissionsGranted(int requestCode, List<String> perms) { Log.i(TAG, "获取成功的权限" + perms); } @Override public void onPermissionsDenied(int requestCode, List<String> perms) { Log.i(TAG, "获取失败的权限" + perms); } }