Windows Dev Intro - Windows SDK PATH in VS 2013 on Win10

1. VC_LibraryPath_x64 = D:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 12.0\VC\lib\amd64;D:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 12.0\VC\atlmfc\lib\amd64 2. VC_LibraryPath_x86 = D:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 12.0\VC\lib;D:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 12.0\VC\atlmfc\lib 3. WindowsSDK_IncludePath = C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\Include\shared;C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\Include\um;C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\Include\winrt 4. WindowsSDK_LibraryPath_x64 = C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\Lib\winv6.3\um\x64 5. WindowsSDK_LibraryPath_x86 = C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.1\Lib\winv6.3\um\x86 而原来的SDK（C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v7.1A）路径应该抛弃。 http://www.cnblogs.com/zyl910/archive/2012/11/05/vs2012_sdk.html

一、问题背景

　　现在Win8已经发售了，但奇怪的是，没有听到新版Windows SDK的消息。 　　其次，Win8中集成了DirectX 11.1，而现在也没有新版DirectX SDK的消息。

　　搜索了一下后发现，原来它们已经集成到VS2012中了。

二、文档

　　在VS2012中点击菜单栏“帮助”->“添加和移除帮助内容”，打开“Microsoft Help View 2.0 - Visual Studio 2012文档”——

　　需要等待一会儿，让文档列表下载完毕。注意选择“Windows Desktop App Development - 英语”，点击旁边的“添加”链接，它就是Win32 API和DirectX的文档。添加完所需的文档后，点击“更新”进行更新。 　　更新完成后，再次打开“Microsoft Help View 2.0 - Visual Studio 2012文档”，在将左侧面板切换到“目录”，可发现文档已经安装好了。例如Direct3D文档的位置是—— Windows Development (Windows) - 英语 Graphics and Gaming (Windows) DirectX Graphics and Gaming (Windows) DirectX 3D (Windows)

三、头文件、库文件与工具

3.1 头文件

　　对于64位win8系统中默认安装的VS2012，Windows与DirectX的头文件默认是在“C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.0\Include”目录中。其中有三个子目录—— shared：非托管（um）与WinRT程序公用的头文件。 um：非托管程序专用的头文件。 WinRT：WinRT程序专用的头文件。

　　传统的Windows SDK程序是非托管的，头文件大多在um子目录中。

3.2 库文件

　　对于64位win8系统中默认安装的VS2012，Windows与DirectX的库文件默认是在“C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.0\Lib\win8\um”目录中。其中有三个子目录—— arm：ARM体系的库文件。 x64：x86体系的64位库文件。 x86：x86体系的32位库文件。

　　因托管程序（如WinRT）的库是以.Net程序集的方式管理的。所以这里只有非托管程序的“um”子目录。

3.3 工具

　　对于64位win8系统中默认安装的VS2012，工具程序默认是在“C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\8.0\bin”目录中。其中有三个子目录—— arm：ARM体系的工具程序。 x64：x86体系的64位工具程序。 x86：x86体系的32位工具程序。

四、示例

4.1 下载实例

　　在VS2012中点击“工具”->“扩展和更新”，打开“扩展和更新”对话框。 　　在左侧树中依次点击“联机”->“示例库”，便可浏览线上示例列表。或者可以利用右上角的搜索框进行搜索。 　　找到所需的示例后，点击列表右侧的“下载”按钮，便可下载该示例。

4.2 打开示例

　　示例下载下来后，我在VS2012的界面中找了半天也没找到打开它的地方。 　　尝试搜索*.sln文件，最后在“C:\Users\【用户】\AppData\Local\Microsoft\VisualStudio\11.0\Extensions”目录中找到了示例。每个示例都是在单独的随机名称文件夹中——

分类:  --- My_原创, --- Program_编程, D00 Platform_平台, D30 Windows, G00 Media_多媒体, G80 Lib_库, G8D DirectX, G8D11 DirectX11 标签:  VisualStdio,  vs2012,  sdk,  Windows,  directx,  win8

C++工程编译之“error LNK2001: 无法解析的外部符号”

时间： 2015-12-15 18:20:23      阅读： 4029      评论： 0      收藏： 0       [点我收藏+]

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　　今天一整天都在折腾“error LNK2001: 无法解析的外部符号”，就在头疼不已的时候，总算是找到问题原因了：各个动态链接库的编译方式必须统一才行，要不然很容易对库函数的引用产生冲突。简单来说就是，如果使用的第三方函数库编译方式采用/MD，那么主工程也应该使用/MD。我使用了libevent，而主工程默认采用/MT，所以需要忽略一大堆的函数库，我还纳闷呢，怎么会这么奇怪！！今天总算是解决了长久以来的困惑了。

　　下面引用一篇文章的描述：[Z]VC运行库版本不同导致链接.LIB静态库时发生重复定义问题的一个案例分析和总结

　　再参考一篇：msvcprt.lib(MSVCP90.dll) : error LNK2005:已经在libcpmtd.lib(xmutex.obj) 中定义

 

Background

MSDN中对于在不同的配置下Link的LIB作了说明：

C Runtime Library： 开关 对应的库 版本 /MD MSVCRT.LIB 多线程DLL的Release版本 /MDd MSVCRTD.LIB 多线程DLL的Debug版本 /MT LIBCMT.LIB 多线程静态链接的Release版本 /MTd LIBCMTD.LIB 多线程静态链接的Debug版本 /clr MSVCMRT.LIB 托管代码和非托管代码混合 /clr:pure MSVCURT.LIB 纯托管代码

 C++ Standard Library：

开关 对应的库 版本 /MD MSVCPRT.LIB 多线程DLL的Release版本 /MDd MSVCPRTD.LIB 多线程DLL的Debug版本 /MT LIBCPMT.LIB 多线程静态链接的Release版本 /MTd LIBCPMTD.LIB 多线程静态链接的Debug版本

 

　　编译器会自动根据编译选项，选择对应的LIB文件。一般情况下这不会出现问题。 　　然而，在部分情况下，一旦你的程序的各个部分（LIB, OBJ…）并非由相同的编译选项编译出，而Link在一起的话，会出现各种各样的看似很难解决的问题，这类问题主要以重复定义的错误形式存在，通常的解决方法也很简单，就是选择同样的编译选项进行编译之后再Link。 Case Study 　　之前刚下载了ANTLR，在准备编译它的Example的时候发现了下面的Build错误（我自己为这个例子创建了VS的项目，当前配置为动态链接Runtime库，Debug版）： 1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP80D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: __thiscall std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >::~basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >(void)" (??1?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@QAE@XZ) already defined in antlr.lib(CharScanner.obj) 1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP80D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > & __thiscall std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >::replace(unsigned int,unsigned int,char const *,unsigned int)" (?replace@?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@QAEAAV12@IIPBDI@Z) already defined in antlr.lib(CharScanner.obj) 1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP80D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: void __thiscall std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >::reserve(unsigned int)" (?reserve@?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@QAEXI@Z) already defined in antlr.lib(CharScanner.obj) 1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP80D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: unsigned int __thiscall std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >::length(void)const " (?length@?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@QBEIXZ) already defined in antlr.lib(CharScanner.obj) 1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP80D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > & __thiscall std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >::operator+=(class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const &)" (??Y?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@QAEAAV01@ABV01@@Z) already defined in antlr.lib(CharScanner.obj) 1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP80D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: __thiscall std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >(class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const &)" (??0?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@QAE@ABV01@@Z) already defined in antlr.lib(CharScanner.obj) 1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP80D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: char const & __thiscall std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >::operator[](unsigned int)const " (??A?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@QBEABDI@Z) already defined in antlr.lib(CharScanner.obj) 1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP80D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > & __thiscall std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >::operator=(class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const &)" (??4?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@QAEAAV01@ABV01@@Z) already defined in antlr.lib(CharScanner.obj) 1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP80D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > & __thiscall std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >::operator=(char const *)" (??4?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@QAEAAV01@PBD@Z) already defined in antlr.lib(CharScanner.obj) 1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP80D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: __thiscall std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >(char const *)" (??0?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@QAE@PBD@Z) already defined in antlr.lib(CharScanner.obj) 1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP80D.dll) : error LNK2005: "class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > __cdecl std::operator+<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >(class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const &,class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const &)" (??$?HDU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@1@@std@@YA?AV?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@0@ABV10@0@Z) already defined in antlr.lib(MismatchedCharException.obj) 1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP80D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: char const * __thiscall std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >::c_str(void)const " (?c_str@?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@std@@QBEPBDXZ) already defined in antlr.lib(CharScanner.obj) 1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP80D.dll) : error LNK2005: "bool __cdecl std::operator<<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >(class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const &,class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const &)" (??$?MDU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@1@@std@@YA_NABV?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@0@0@Z) already defined in antlr.lib(CharScanner.obj) 1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP80D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: class std::basic_ostream<char,struct std::char_traits<char> > & __thiscall std::basic_ostream<char,struct std::char_traits<char> >::operator<<(class std::basic_ostream<char,struct std::char_traits<char> > & (__cdecl*)(class std::basic_ostream<char,struct std::char_traits<char> > &))" (??6?$basic_ostream@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@QAEAAV01@P6AAAV01@AAV01@@Z@Z) already defined in antlr.lib(CharScanner.obj) 1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP80D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: class std::basic_ostream<char,struct std::char_traits<char> > & __thiscall std::basic_ostream<char,struct std::char_traits<char> >::operator<<(int)" (??6?$basic_ostream@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@QAEAAV01@H@Z) already defined in antlr.lib(CharScanner.obj) 1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP80D.dll) : error LNK2005: "class std::basic_ostream<char,struct std::char_traits<char> > & __cdecl std::endl(class std::basic_ostream<char,struct std::char_traits<char> > &)" (?endl@std@@YAAAV?$basic_ostream@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@1@AAV21@@Z) already defined in antlr.lib(CharScanner.obj) 1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP80D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: void __thiscall std::basic_ios<char,struct std::char_traits<char> >::setstate(int,bool)" (?setstate@?$basic_ios@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@QAEXH_N@Z) already defined in antlr.lib(CharScanner.obj) 1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP80D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: int __thiscall std::ios_base::width(int)" (?width@ios_base@std@@QAEHH@Z) already defined in antlr.lib(CharScanner.obj) 1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP80D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: int __thiscall std::basic_streambuf<char,struct std::char_traits<char> >::sputn(char const *,int)" (?sputn@?$basic_streambuf@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@QAEHPBDH@Z) already defined in antlr.lib(CharScanner.obj) 1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP80D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: static bool __cdecl std::char_traits<char>::eq_int_type(int const &,int const &)" (?eq_int_type@?$char_traits@D@std@@SA_NABH0@Z) already defined in antlr.lib(CharScanner.obj) 1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP80D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: static int __cdecl std::char_traits<char>::eof(void)" (?eof@?$char_traits@D@std@@SAHXZ) already defined in antlr.lib(CharScanner.obj) 1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP80D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: int __thiscall std::basic_streambuf<char,struct std::char_traits<char> >::sputc(char)" (?sputc@?$basic_streambuf@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@QAEHD@Z) already defined in antlr.lib(CharScanner.obj) 1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP80D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: class std::basic_streambuf<char,struct std::char_traits<char> > * __thiscall std::basic_ios<char,struct std::char_traits<char> >::rdbuf(void)const " (?rdbuf@?$basic_ios@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@QBEPAV?$basic_streambuf@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@2@XZ) already defined in antlr.lib(CharScanner.obj) 1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP80D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: char __thiscall std::basic_ios<char,struct std::char_traits<char> >::fill(void)const " (?fill@?$basic_ios@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@QBEDXZ) already defined in antlr.lib(CharScanner.obj) 1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP80D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: int __thiscall std::ios_base::flags(void)const " (?flags@ios_base@std@@QBEHXZ) already defined in antlr.lib(CharScanner.obj) 1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP80D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: int __thiscall std::ios_base::width(void)const " (?width@ios_base@std@@QBEHXZ) already defined in antlr.lib(CharScanner.obj) 1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP80D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: static unsigned int __cdecl std::char_traits<char>::length(char const *)" (?length@?$char_traits@D@std@@SAIPBD@Z) already defined in antlr.lib(CharScanner.obj) 1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP80D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: class std::basic_ostream<char,struct std::char_traits<char> > & __thiscall std::basic_ostream<char,struct std::char_traits<char> >::flush(void)" (?flush@?$basic_ostream@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@QAEAAV12@XZ) already defined in antlr.lib(CharScanner.obj) 1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP80D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: class std::basic_ostream<char,struct std::char_traits<char> > * __thiscall std::basic_ios<char,struct std::char_traits<char> >::tie(void)const " (?tie@?$basic_ios@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@QBEPAV?$basic_ostream@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@2@XZ) already defined in antlr.lib(CharScanner.obj) 1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP80D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: bool __thiscall std::ios_base::good(void)const " (?good@ios_base@std@@QBE_NXZ) already defined in antlr.lib(CharScanner.obj) 1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP80D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: void __thiscall std::basic_ostream<char,struct std::char_traits<char> >::_Osfx(void)" (?_Osfx@?$basic_ostream@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@QAEXXZ) already defined in antlr.lib(CharScanner.obj) 1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP80D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: void __thiscall std::basic_streambuf<char,struct std::char_traits<char> >::_Lock(void)" (?_Lock@?$basic_streambuf@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@QAEXXZ) already defined in antlr.lib(CharScanner.obj) 1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP80D.dll) : error LNK2005: "public: void __thiscall std::basic_streambuf<char,struct std::char_traits<char> >::_Unlock(void)" (?_Unlock@?$basic_streambuf@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@std@@QAEXXZ) already defined in antlr.lib(CharScanner.obj) 1>msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP80D.dll) : error LNK2005: "class std::basic_ostream<char,struct std::char_traits<char> > & __cdecl std::operator<<<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> >(class std::basic_ostream<char,struct std::char_traits<char> > &,class std::basic_string<char,struct std::char_traits<char>,class std::allocator<char> > const &)" (??$?6DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@1@@std@@YAAAV?$basic_ostream@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@@0@AAV10@ABV?$basic_string@DU?$char_traits@D@std@@V?$allocator@D@2@@0@@Z) already defined in antlr.lib(LLkParser.obj) 1>libcpmt.lib(locale0.obj) : error LNK2005: "private: static class std::locale::_Locimp * __cdecl std::locale::_Getgloballocale(void)" (?_Getgloballocale@locale@std@@CAPAV_Locimp@12@XZ) already defined in msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP80D.dll) 1>libcpmt.lib(locale0.obj) : error LNK2005: "private: static void __cdecl std::locale::facet::facet_Register(class std::locale::facet *)" (?facet_Register@facet@locale@std@@CAXPAV123@@Z) already defined in msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP80D.dll) 1>libcpmt.lib(locale0.obj) : error LNK2005: "public: static void __cdecl std::_Locinfo::_Locinfo_dtor(class std::_Locinfo *)" (?_Locinfo_dtor@_Locinfo@std@@SAXPAV12@@Z) already defined in msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP80D.dll) 1>libcpmt.lib(locale0.obj) : error LNK2005: "public: static void __cdecl std::_Locinfo::_Locinfo_ctor(class std::_Locinfo *,char const *)" (?_Locinfo_ctor@_Locinfo@std@@SAXPAV12@PBD@Z) already defined in msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP80D.dll) 1>libcpmt.lib(xmutex.obj) : error LNK2005: "public: void __thiscall std::_Mutex::_Lock(void)" (?_Lock@_Mutex@std@@QAEXXZ) already defined in msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP80D.dll) 1>libcpmt.lib(xmutex.obj) : error LNK2005: "public: void __thiscall std::_Mutex::_Unlock(void)" (?_Unlock@_Mutex@std@@QAEXXZ) already defined in msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP80D.dll) 1>libcpmt.lib(xlock.obj) : error LNK2005: "public: __thiscall std::_Lockit::_Lockit(int)" (??0_Lockit@std@@QAE@H@Z) already defined in msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP80D.dll) 1>libcpmt.lib(xlock.obj) : error LNK2005: "public: __thiscall std::_Lockit::~_Lockit(void)" (??1_Lockit@std@@QAE@XZ) already defined in msvcprtd.lib(MSVCP80D.dll) 1>LIBCMT.lib(invarg.obj) : error LNK2005: __invoke_watson already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCR80D.dll) 1>LIBCMT.lib(invarg.obj) : error LNK2005: __invalid_parameter already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCR80D.dll) 1>LIBCMT.lib(setlocal.obj) : error LNK2005: __configthreadlocale already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCR80D.dll) 1>LIBCMT.lib(tidtable.obj) : error LNK2005: __encode_pointer already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCR80D.dll) 1>LIBCMT.lib(tidtable.obj) : error LNK2005: __decode_pointer already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCR80D.dll) 1>LIBCMT.lib(tolower.obj) : error LNK2005: _tolower already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCR80D.dll) 1>LIBCMT.lib(crt0dat.obj) : error LNK2005: __amsg_exit already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCR80D.dll) 1>LIBCMT.lib(crt0dat.obj) : error LNK2005: __initterm_e already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCR80D.dll) 1>LIBCMT.lib(crt0dat.obj) : error LNK2005: _exit already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCR80D.dll) 1>LIBCMT.lib(crt0dat.obj) : error LNK2005: __exit already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCR80D.dll) 1>LIBCMT.lib(crt0dat.obj) : error LNK2005: __cexit already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCR80D.dll) 1>LIBCMT.lib(lconv.obj) : error LNK2005: _localeconv already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCR80D.dll) 1>LIBCMT.lib(mlock.obj) : error LNK2005: __unlock already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCR80D.dll) 1>LIBCMT.lib(mlock.obj) : error LNK2005: __lock already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCR80D.dll) 1>LIBCMT.lib(winxfltr.obj) : error LNK2005: __XcptFilter already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCR80D.dll) 1>LIBCMT.lib(crt0init.obj) : error LNK2005: ___xi_a already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(cinitexe.obj) 1>LIBCMT.lib(crt0init.obj) : error LNK2005: ___xi_z already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(cinitexe.obj) 1>LIBCMT.lib(crt0init.obj) : error LNK2005: ___xc_a already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(cinitexe.obj) 1>LIBCMT.lib(crt0init.obj) : error LNK2005: ___xc_z already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(cinitexe.obj) 1>LIBCMT.lib(hooks.obj) : error LNK2005: "void __cdecl terminate(void)" (?terminate@@YAXXZ) already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCR80D.dll) 1>LIBCMT.lib(crt0.obj) : error LNK2005: _mainCRTStartup already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(crtexe.obj) 1>LIBCMT.lib(errmode.obj) : error LNK2005: ___set_app_type already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCR80D.dll) 1>LIBCMT.lib(_ctype.obj) : error LNK2005: _isprint already defined in MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCR80D.dll) 1>MSVCRTD.lib(MSVCR80D.dll) : error LNK2005: __stricmp already defined in LIBCMT.lib(stricmp.obj) 1>LINK : warning LNK4098: defaultlib ‘MSVCRTD‘ conflicts with use of other libs; use /NODEFAULTLIB:library 1>LINK : warning LNK4098: defaultlib ‘LIBCMT‘ conflicts with use of other libs; use /NODEFAULTLIB:library 1>D:\home\doc\Visual Studio 2005\Projects\tst_antlr_3\Debug\tst_antlr_3.exe : fatal error LNK1169: one or more multiply defined symbols found

 

　　分析一下错误来源，会发现： 错误来源主要是重复定义的问题，而且重复定义的基本上都是VC Runtime和Standard C++ Library中的函数 LIBCMT和LIBCPMT为Release下的Lib，本来不应该出现在Debug版本的链接的Lib中 重复定义的问题主要出现在：LIBCMT, LIBCPMT, MSVCPRTD, MSVCRTD 　　来看看出问题的LIB是那些： LIBCMT：C Runtime库的多线程静态链接的Release版本 LIBCPMT：C++ Standard Library的多线程静态链接的Release版本 MSVCPRTD：C++ Standard Library的多线程DLL的Debug版本 MSVCRTD：C Runtime Library的多线程DLL的Debug版本 　　当前我们的配置是多线程DLL的Debug版，因此3和4是应该出现在link的列表中的，不属于多余。而后两者则是只是当多线程静态链接Release版 中才会出现。这提示我在项目中加入的ANTLR.LIB可能是造成这个问题的根源，因为静态库的编译选项很容易和主程序发生冲突，并且根据实际信息我们可 以看出ANTLR.LIB应该是用多线程静态链接的Release版本来编译的。 　　这样，解决方法就很清楚了： 切换到Release，因为ANTLR.LIB是在Release下面编译的 把Run Time库的版本修改成多线程静态链接 　　做了这两个修改之后编译通过。 　　还有一种方法是，自己用多线程DLL的Debug版重新编译一次ANTLR，生成一个新的ANTLRD.LIB，再link这个Lib也可以解决这个问题。 Summary 知道各个不同的LIB代表的版本信息非常重要，可以帮助快速定位问题 在编程的时候，一定要把所有的项目的编译选项（是静态链接Runtime库还是动态链接Runtime库，Debug/Release）配置成一样的。如果部分LIB/OBJ是由第三方提供（OBJ情况很少见），一般情况下只能调整自己的编译选项，除非你可以要求第三方提供其他版本的编译好的LIB 在发布可重用的静态LIB库供其他人调用的时候，最好对应不同的编译选项，乃至VC版本，提供不同版本的LIB。VC自己的Runtime就是最好的例子。