本次主要讲解PHP通过PHPExcel来操作excel，主要针对的人群是PHP新手或者急需要使用PHPExcel来操作excel的人群。

下载PHPExcel

首先需要从PHPExcel官网下载PHPExcel的源码包，虽然也可以通过百度搜索其他途径下载，但是我们最好还是从官网下载，毕竟是官方的。

使用PHPExcel

在使用PHPExcel时我们需要引入PHPExcel文件，我们需要把下载到的PHPExcel源码复制到本地目录下，结构如下图 接下来我们就要开始引入PHPExcel主文件了，也就是PHPExcel.php文件。

<?php require_once('PHPExcel/Classes/PHPExcel.php'); ?>

我们来看下PHPExcel类是什么样的一个结构，代码很长我就不贴代码了，截图如下 PHPExcel.php文件中主要就是写了PHPExcel这个类，而我们要操作Excel也是通过这个类的变量来操作的。

读取Excel

<?php //引入Reader require_once('PHPExcel/Classes/PHPExcel/Reader/Excel2007.php'); //实例化Reader $objReader = new PHPExcel_Reader_Excel2007; //通过reader变量载入Excel文件并返回一个excel文件对象 $objPHPExcel = $objReader->load("demo.xlsx"); //通过excel文件对象获取里面所有的表 $sheets = $objPHPExcel->getAllSheets(); //通过excel文件对象获取里面第一张的表 $singleSheet = $objPHPExcel->getSheet(0); echo '<pre>'; foreach($sheets as $item){ echo $item->getTitle(); echo '<br>'; } echo $singleSheet->getTitle(); ?>

上述代码就是通过最简单的方式读取Excel文件并输出里面所有sheet的名称以及第一个sheet的名称。 通过获取到的sheet我们就可以对sheet里面的单元格进行操作了，对于sheet的读取操作我们这里就不讲了，有兴趣的同学可以查看PHPExcel根目录下的Classes底下的WorkSheet.php文件，里面有许多方法可以调用，大家可以等会学了Write之后再进行试验查看下效果。

写入PHPExcel

<?php //Include class require_once('PHPExcel/Classes/PHPExcel.php'); require_once('PHPExcel/Classes/PHPExcel/Writer/Excel2007.php'); $objPHPExcel = new PHPExcel(); //Set properties 设置文件属性 $objPHPExcel->getProperties()->setCreator("Maarten Balliauw"); $objPHPExcel->getProperties()->setLastModifiedBy("Maarten Balliauw"); $objPHPExcel->getProperties()->setTitle("Office 2007 XLSX Test Document"); $objPHPExcel->getProperties()->setSubject("Office 2007 XLSX Test Document"); $objPHPExcel->getProperties()->setDescription("Test document for Office 2007 XLSX, generated using PHP classes."); $objPHPExcel->getProperties()->setKeywords("office 2007 openxml php"); $objPHPExcel->getProperties()->setCategory("Test result file"); //Add some data 添加数据 //设置第一个sheet为正在活动的sheet，PHPExcel自带一个sheet所以我们不需要创建sheet $objPHPExcel->setActiveSheetIndex(0); //设置指定单元格数据 $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->setCellValue('A1', 'Hello'); $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->setCellValue('A2', true); $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->setCellValue('A3', false); $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->setCellValue('B2', 'world!'); $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->setCellValue('B3', 2); $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->setCellValue('C1', 'Hello'); $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->setCellValue('D2', 'world!'); //循环 for($i = 1;$i<200;$i++) { $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->setCellValue('A' . $i, $i); $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->setCellValue('B' . $i, 'this is test demo'); } //Create a new worksheet, after the default sheet 创建新的工作标签 $objPHPExcel->createSheet(); $objPHPExcel->setActiveSheetIndex(1); //Set header and footer. When no different headers for odd/even are used, odd header is assumed. 页眉页脚 $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getHeaderFooter()->setOddHeader('&C&HPlease treat this document as confidential!'); $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getHeaderFooter()->setOddFooter('&L&B' . $objPHPExcel->getProperties()->getTitle() . '&RPage &P of &N'); //Set page orientation and size 方向大小 $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getPageSetup()->setOrientation(PHPExcel_Worksheet_PageSetup::ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE); $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getPageSetup()->setPaperSize(PHPExcel_Worksheet_PageSetup::PAPERSIZE_A4); //Rename sheet 重命名工作表标签 $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->setTitle('Simple'); //设置第一个sheet为正在活动的sheet，当打开Excel文件时会默认打开第一个sheet $objPHPExcel->setActiveSheetIndex(0); //Save Excel 2007 file 保存 $objWriter = new PHPExcel_Writer_Excel2007($objPHPExcel); $objWriter->save(str_replace('.php', '.xlsx', __FILE__)); //1.6.2新版保存 require_once('PHPExcel/Classes/PHPExcel/IOFactory.php'); $objWriter = PHPExcel_IOFactory::createWriter($objPHPExcel, 'Excel2007'); $objWriter->save(str_replace('.php', '.xls', __FILE__)); ?>

上述代码就是通过PHPExcel来创建一个Excel文件且往里面填入相应的数据，我们来看下第一段代码，第一段代码就是引入了PHPExcel.php及Excel2007.php文件，并实例化PHPExcel类。第二段代码就是在我们的PHPExcel对象上设置相应的属性，这里说明下，Excel被读取之后返回给我们的就是一个PHPExcel对象，我们在这里设置PHPExcel对象的属性其实就是设置接下来生成的Excel文件的属性，能在右键属性中查看到的那部分信息。 我们再来看最后两段代码，值得一说的是在PHPExcel1.6.2版本开始支持通过依赖注入来获取写操作柄进行保存文件。 除此之外PHPExcel还支持写入时间数值，注释，设置文字样式，单元格样式，图标等等。具体代码如下：

<?php //Include class require_once('PHPExcel/Classes/PHPExcel.php'); require_once('PHPExcel/Classes/PHPExcel/Writer/Excel2007.php'); $objPHPExcel = new PHPExcel(); //日期格式化 $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->setCellValue('D1', time()); $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle('D1')->getNumberFormat()->setFormatCode(PHPExcel_Style_NumberFormat::FORMAT_DATE_YYYYMMDDSLASH); //Add comment 添加注释 $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getComment('E11')->setAuthor('PHPExcel'); $objCommentRichText = $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getComment('E11')->getText()->createTextRun('PHPExcel:'); $objCommentRichText->getFont()->setBold(true); $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getComment('E11')->getText()->createTextRun("\r\n"); $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getComment('E11')->getText()->createTextRun('Total amount on the current invoice, excluding VAT.'); //Merge cells 合并分离单元格 $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->mergeCells('A18:E22'); $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->unmergeCells('A18:E22'); //Protect cells 保护单元格 $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getProtection()->setSheet(true);//Needs to be set to true in order to enable any worksheet protection! $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->protectCells('A3:E13', 'PHPExcel'); //Set cell number formats 数字格式化 $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle('E4')->getNumberFormat()->setFormatCode(PHPExcel_Style_NumberFormat::FORMAT_CURRENCY_EUR_SIMPLE); $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->duplicateStyle( $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle('E4'), 'E5:E13' ); //Set column widths 设置列宽度 $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getColumnDimension('B')->setAutoSize(true); $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getColumnDimension('D')->setWidth(12); //Set fonts 设置字体 $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle('B1')->getFont()->setName('Candara'); $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle('B1')->getFont()->setSize(20); $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle('B1')->getFont()->setBold(true); $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle('B1')->getFont()->setUnderline(PHPExcel_Style_Font::UNDERLINE_SINGLE); $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle('B1')->getFont()->getColor()->setARGB(PHPExcel_Style_Color::COLOR_WHITE); //Set alignments 设置对齐 $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle('D11')->getAlignment()->setHorizontal(PHPExcel_Style_Alignment::HORIZONTAL_RIGHT); $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle('A18')->getAlignment()->setHorizontal(PHPExcel_Style_Alignment::HORIZONTAL_JUSTIFY); $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle('A18')->getAlignment()->setVertical(PHPExcel_Style_Alignment::VERTICAL_CENTER); $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle('A3')->getAlignment()->setWrapText(true); //Set column borders 设置列边框 $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle('A4')->getBorders()->getTop()->setBorderStyle(PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_THIN); $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle('A10')->getBorders()->getLeft()->setBorderStyle(PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_THIN); $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle('E10')->getBorders()->getRight()->setBorderStyle(PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_THIN); $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle('D13')->getBorders()->getLeft()->setBorderStyle(PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_THICK); $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle('E13')->getBorders()->getBottom()->setBorderStyle(PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_THICK); //Set border colors 设置边框颜色 $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle('D13')->getBorders()->getLeft()->getColor()->setARGB('FF993300'); $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle('D13')->getBorders()->getTop()->getColor()->setARGB('FF993300'); $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle('D13')->getBorders()->getBottom()->getColor()->setARGB('FF993300'); $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle('E13')->getBorders()->getRight()->getColor()->setARGB('FF993300'); //Set fills 设置填充 $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle('A1')->getFill()->setFillType(PHPExcel_Style_Fill::FILL_SOLID); $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle('A1')->getFill()->getStartColor()->setARGB('FF808080'); //Add a hyperlink to the sheet 添加链接 $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->setCellValue('E26', 'www.phpexcel.net'); $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getCell('E26')->getHyperlink()->setUrl('http://www.phpexcel.net'); $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getCell('E26')->getHyperlink()->setTooltip('Navigate to website'); $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getStyle('E26')->getAlignment()->setHorizontal(PHPExcel_Style_Alignment::HORIZONTAL_RIGHT); //Add a drawing to the worksheet 添加图片 $objDrawing = new PHPExcel_Worksheet_Drawing(); $objDrawing->setName('Logo'); $objDrawing->setDescription('Logo'); $objDrawing->setPath('./demoPage2.png'); $objDrawing->setHeight(36); $objDrawing->setCoordinates('B15'); $objDrawing->setOffsetX(110); $objDrawing->setRotation(25); $objDrawing->getShadow()->setVisible(true); $objDrawing->getShadow()->setDirection(45); $objDrawing->setWorksheet($objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()); //Play around with inserting and removing rows and columns $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->insertNewRowBefore(6, 10); $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->removeRow(6, 10); $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->insertNewColumnBefore('E', 5); $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->removeColumn('E', 5); //Add conditional formatting $objConditional1 = new PHPExcel_Style_Conditional(); $objConditional1->setConditionType(PHPExcel_Style_Conditional::CONDITION_CELLIS); $objConditional1->setOperatorType(PHPExcel_Style_Conditional::OPERATOR_LESSTHAN); $objConditional1->setCondition('0'); $objConditional1->getStyle()->getFont()->getColor()->setARGB(PHPExcel_Style_Color::COLOR_RED); $objConditional1->getStyle()->getFont()->setBold(true); //Set autofilter 自动过滤 $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->setAutoFilter('A1:C9'); //Hide "Phone" and "fax" column 隐藏列 $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getColumnDimension('C')->setVisible(false); $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getColumnDimension('D')->setVisible(false); //Set document security 设置文档安全 $objPHPExcel->getSecurity()->setLockWindows(true); $objPHPExcel->getSecurity()->setLockStructure(true); $objPHPExcel->getSecurity()->setWorkbookPassword("PHPExcel"); //Set sheet security 设置工作表安全 $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getProtection()->setPassword('PHPExcel'); $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getProtection()->setSheet(true);// This should be enabled in order to enable any of the following! $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getProtection()->setSort(true); $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getProtection()->setInsertRows(true); $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getProtection()->setFormatCells(true); //计算 echo 'Value of B14 [=COUNT(B2:B12)]: ' . $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getCell('B14')->getCalculatedValue() . "\r\n"; //Set outline levels $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getColumnDimension('E')->setOutlineLevel(1); $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getColumnDimension('E')->setVisible(false); $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getColumnDimension('E')->setCollapsed(true); //Freeze panes $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->freezePane('A2'); //Rows to repeat at top $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getPageSetup()->setRowsToRepeatAtTopByStartAndEnd(1, 1); //验证输入值 $objValidation = $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getCell('B3')->getDataValidation(); $objValidation->setType( PHPExcel_Cell_DataValidation::TYPE_WHOLE ); $objValidation->setErrorStyle( PHPExcel_Cell_DataValidation::STYLE_STOP ); $objValidation->setAllowBlank(true); $objValidation->setShowInputMessage(true); $objValidation->setShowErrorMessage(true); $objValidation->setErrorTitle('Input error'); $objValidation->setError('Number is not allowed!'); $objValidation->setPromptTitle('Allowed input'); $objValidation->setPrompt('Only numbers between 10 and 20 are allowed.'); $objValidation->setFormula1(10); $objValidation->setFormula2(20); $objPHPExcel->getActiveSheet()->getCell('B3')->setDataValidation($objValidation); ?>

大家加油！