声明

本篇文章并没任何的技术含量。 只是本人的命令练习记录，以备以后查看。

声明redis 基础命令 1 keys2 exists3 move4 expire5 ttl6 type redis-五大数据类型-简介string 1 setgetappendstrlendel2 incrincrbydecrdecrby3 getrangesetrange4 setexgetnx5 msetmgetmsetnx list 1 lpushrpushlrange2 lpoprpoplindexllen3 lremltrim4 rpoplpush5 linsert set 1 saddsmemberssismembersremscard2 srandmemberspop3 smove4 数学集合操作 hash 1 hgethsethmsethmgethgetall2 hlenhdelhkeyshvals3 hincrbyhIncrByFloat4 hsetnx zset 1 zaddzrange2 zRangeByScore3 zremzcardzcount 参考资料

1 redis 基础命令

在看基本数据类型之前，先来看看redis的key相关的知识点。

1.1 keys

127.0.0.1:6379> keys * 1) "counter:__rand_int__" 2) "mylist" 3) "key:__rand_int__" 4) "k1"

1.2 exists

判断某个key是否存在

127.0.0.1:6379> EXISTS k1 (integer) 1 # 1表示存在 127.0.0.1:6379> EXISTS k11 (integer) 0 # 0表示不存在

1.3 move

指定键，移动数据至指定的DB。

move key db-index 127.0.0.1:6379> keys * (empty list or set) 127.0.0.1:6379> set k1 v1 OK 127.0.0.1:6379> set k2 v2 OK 127.0.0.1:6379> keys * 1) "k2" 2) "k1" 127.0.0.1:6379> MOVE k1 6 # 将k1移动至6号库 (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> keys * 1) "k2" 127.0.0.1:6379> SELECT 6 OK 127.0.0.1:6379[6]> keys * 1) "k1"

1.4 expire

为给定 key 设置生存时间，当 key 过期时(生存时间为 0 )，它会被自动删除。

expire key seconds 127.0.0.1:6379[6]> set k1 v1 OK 127.0.0.1:6379[6]> set k2 v2 OK 127.0.0.1:6379[6]> EXPIRE k1 10 # 10秒之后,k1被删除 (integer) 1

1.5 ttl

返回key剩余的过期时间。

在Redis 2.6和之前版本如果key不存在或者已过期时返回-1。从Redis2.8开始如果key不存在或者已过期，返回 -2如果key没有设置过期时间（永久有效），返回 -1 。

1.6 type

返回key所存储的value的数据结构类型，比如string, list, set, zset 和 hash等不同的类型。

2 redis-五大数据类型-简介

string

string具有其他语言中的字符串的特性。string类型是Redis最基本的数据类型，一个redis中字符串value最多可以是512M

string类型是二进制安全的。意思是redis的string可以包含任何数据。比如jpg图片或者序列化的对象 。

list

list是一个字符串列表，按照插入顺序排序。

hash

我的第一映像就是Java里的Map<String,Object>。 很相似，但不尽相同。

set

和Java的Set<String>类似，是一个无序的字符串集合。

zset

和set的不同之处是，zset的每个元素都会关联一个double类型的score。

3 string

3.1 set/get/append/strlen/del

127.0.0.1:6379[6]> FLUSHALL OK 127.0.0.1:6379[6]> set k1 a OK 127.0.0.1:6379[6]> get k1 # 为k1设置值为"a" "a" 127.0.0.1:6379[6]> APPEND k1 bcd # 为k1追加"bcd" (integer) 4 127.0.0.1:6379[6]> get k1 "abcd" 127.0.0.1:6379[6]> STRLEN k1 # 查看长度 (integer) 4 127.0.0.1:6379[6]> DEL k1 (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379[6]> keys * (empty list or set)

3.2 incr/incrby/decr/decrby

127.0.0.1:6379[6]> FLUSHALL OK 127.0.0.1:6379[6]> set k1 1 OK 127.0.0.1:6379[6]> get k1 "1" 127.0.0.1:6379[6]> INCR k1 (integer) 2 127.0.0.1:6379[6]> INCR k1 (integer) 3 127.0.0.1:6379[6]> INCRBY k1 5 # 指定递增的步径长度为5 (integer) 8 127.0.0.1:6379[6]> INCRBY k1 5 # 指定递减的步径长度为3 (integer) 13 127.0.0.1:6379[6]> DECR k1 (integer) 12 127.0.0.1:6379[6]> DECRBY k1 3 (integer) 9 127.0.0.1:6379[6]>

3.3 getrange/setrange

getrange key start end用来取子串的命令start和end的取值和Python中的切片类似setrange key offset value从指定的offset处开始，覆盖value的长度如果offset>strlen(key),则在key对应的值后补offset-strlen(key)个零后继续追加key不存在的key被认为是空字符串offset最大可以是2^29-1(536870911) 127.0.0.1:6379[6]> set k "abcdefgh" OK 127.0.0.1:6379[6]> SETRANGE k 1 "x" (integer) 8 127.0.0.1:6379[6]> get k "axcdefgh" 127.0.0.1:6379[6]> SETRANGE k 1 "yy" (integer) 8 127.0.0.1:6379[6]> get k "ayydefgh" 127.0.0.1:6379[6]> SETRANGE k 1 "yyyyyyyyyy" (integer) 11 127.0.0.1:6379[6]> get k "ayyyyyyyyyy" 127.0.0.1:6379[6]> setrange k 15 "123x" (integer) 19 127.0.0.1:6379[6]> get k "ayyyyyyyyyy\x00\x00\x00\x00123x" # 此处的k88本来不存在,视为空字符串处理 127.0.0.1:6379[6]> SETRANGE k88 3 "haha" (integer) 7 127.0.0.1:6379[6]> get k88 "\x00\x00\x00haha" # 视为空字符串处理所以前补3个零 127.0.0.1:6379[6]>

3.4 setex/getnx

setex(set with expire)set的同时，给key指定一个过期时间setnx(set if not exists)如果key不存在,则set值return 1 如果key被设置成功return 0 如果key没有被设置成功 # 设置值的同时指定8秒后过期 127.0.0.1:6379[6]> SETEX k88 10 "haha" OK 127.0.0.1:6379> SETNX k1 111 # 如果k1不存在则设置k1为111 (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> get k1 "111" 127.0.0.1:6379> SETNX k1 222 # k1已经存在,故不生效 (integer) 0 127.0.0.1:6379> get k1 "111"

3.5 mset/mget/msetnx

mset k1 v1 [k2,v2 …]mgetmsetnx k1 v1 [k2,v2 …]只要有一个key已经存在，就会失败return 1，所有的key都被设置成功return 0，所有的key都没有被设置(至少一个key已经存在) 127.0.0.1:6379> MSET k1 v1 k2 v2 k3 v3 OK 127.0.0.1:6379> get k1 "v1" 127.0.0.1:6379> MGET k1 k2 k3 1) "v1" 2) "v2" 3) "v3"

4 list

4.1 lpush/rpush/lrange

127.0.0.1:6379> LPUSH l1 1 2 3 4 5 6 (integer) 6 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE l1 0 2 1) "6" 2) "5" 3) "4" 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE l1 0 -1 1) "6" 2) "5" 3) "4" 4) "3" 5) "2" 6) "1" 127.0.0.1:6379> LSET l1 2 "abc" OK 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE l1 0 -1 1) "6" 2) "5" 3) "abc" 4) "3" 5) "2" 6) "1" 127.0.0.1:6379>

4.2 lpop/rpop/lindex/llen

llen如果 key 不存在，那么就被看作是空list，并且返回长度为 0存储在 key 里的值不是一个list的话，会返回error 127.0.0.1:6379> LPUSH l1 1 2 3 4 5 (integer) 5 127.0.0.1:6379> LPOP l1 "5" 127.0.0.1:6379> RPOP l1 "1" 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE l1 0 -1 1) "4" 2) "3" 3) "2" 127.0.0.1:6379> RPUSH l2 1 2 3 4 5 (integer) 5 127.0.0.1:6379> LPOP l2 "1" 127.0.0.1:6379> RPOP l2 "5" 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE l2 0 -1 1) "2" 2) "3" 3) "4" 127.0.0.1:6379> RPUSH l3 1 2 3 4 (integer) 4 127.0.0.1:6379> LINDEX l3 0 "1" 127.0.0.1:6379> LINDEX l3 2 "3" 127.0.0.1:6379> LLEN l3 (integer) 4

4.3 lrem/ltrim

lrem key count valuecount>0 : 从头到尾移除count个值为value的元素count<0 : 从尾到头移除count个值为value的元素count==0: 删除所有值为value的元素ltrim key start end 127.0.0.1:6379> RPUSH l1 a b c a c d e a d a (integer) 10 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE l1 0 -1 1) "a" 2) "b" 3) "c" 4) "a" 5) "c" 6) "d" 7) "e" 8) "a" 9) "d" 10) "a" # 从头到尾删除两个值为a的元素 127.0.0.1:6379> LREM l1 2 a (integer) 2 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE l1 0 -1 1) "b" 2) "c" 3) "c" 4) "d" 5) "e" 6) "a" 7) "d" 8) "a" # 从尾到头删除一个值为d的元素 127.0.0.1:6379> LREM l1 -1 d (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE l1 0 -1 1) "b" 2) "c" 3) "c" 4) "d" 5) "e" 6) "a" 7) "a" # 删除所有值为c的元素 127.0.0.1:6379> LREM l1 0 c (integer) 2 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE l1 0 -1 1) "b" 2) "d" 3) "e" 4) "a" 5) "a" 127.0.0.1:6379> RPUSH l2 a b c d a c e (integer) 7 # 只保留索引为2-4的元素 127.0.0.1:6379> LTRIM l2 2 4 OK 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE l2 0 -1 1) "c" 2) "d" 3) "a" 127.0.0.1:6379>

4.4 rpoplpush

127.0.0.1:6379> RPUSH l1 1 2 3 (integer) 3 127.0.0.1:6379> RPUSH l2 a b c (integer) 3 127.0.0.1:6379> RPOPLPUSH l1 l2 "3" 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE l1 0 -1 1) "1" 2) "2" 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE l2 0 -1 1) "3" 2) "a" 3) "b" 4) "c"

4.5 linsert

127.0.0.1:6379> RPUSH l1 1 2 3 (integer) 3 # 给l1中的元素3前面插入元素 127.0.0.1:6379> LINSERT l1 before 3 "newVal" (integer) 4 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE l1 0 -1 1) "1" 2) "2" 3) "newVal" 4) "3" # 给l1中的元素"newVal"后面插入元素 127.0.0.1:6379> LINSERT l1 after "newVal" "anotherNewVal" (integer) 5 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE l1 0 -1 1) "1" 2) "2" 3) "newVal" 4) "anotherNewVal" 5) "3" # 在值为"ha"的元素后面插入 127.0.0.1:6379> LINSERT l1 after "ha" "o..." # "ha"不存在，返回-1 (integer) -1 127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE l1 0 -1 1) "1" 2) "2" 3) "newVal" 4) "anotherNewVal" 5) "3" 127.0.0.1:6379>

5 set

5.1 sadd/smembers/sismember/srem/scard

127.0.0.1:6379> SADD s1 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 (integer) 3 127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS s1 1) "1" 2) "2" 3) "3" 127.0.0.1:6379> SISMEMBER s1 2 # contains (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> SISMEMBER s1 111 (integer) 0 127.0.0.1:6379> SCARD s1 # count (integer) 3 127.0.0.1:6379> SREM s1 2 # del (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS s1 1) "1" 2) "3"

5.2 srandmember/spop

127.0.0.1:6379> SADD s2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 (integer) 10 # srandmember并不会删除元素 127.0.0.1:6379> SRANDMEMBER s2 3 # 随机获取三个成员 1) "8" 2) "7" 3) "6" 127.0.0.1:6379> SRANDMEMBER s2 3 1) "8" 2) "2" 3) "4" 127.0.0.1:6379> SRANDMEMBER s2 3 1) "2" 2) "7" 3) "4" # spop会删除元素 127.0.0.1:6379> spop s2 2 1) "2" 2) "7" 127.0.0.1:6379> spop s2 2 1) "5" 2) "9" 127.0.0.1:6379> spop s2 2 1) "8" 2) "4" 127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS s2 1) "0" 2) "1" 3) "3" 4) "6"

5.3 smove

127.0.0.1:6379> sadd s1 1 2 3 (integer) 3 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD s2 a b c (integer) 3 # 将s1中的值为2的元素移动到集合s2中 127.0.0.1:6379> SMOVE s1 s2 2 (integer) 1 # return 1 ==> 成功 127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS s1 1) "1" 2) "3" 127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS s2 1) "2" 2) "c" 3) "b" 4) "a" 127.0.0.1:6379> SMOVE s1 s2 -1 (integer) 0 # return 0 ==> 移动失败 127.0.0.1:6379>

5.4 数学集合操作

127.0.0.1:6379> SADD s1 1 2 3 (integer) 3 127.0.0.1:6379> SADD s2 2 3 a b (integer) 4 127.0.0.1:6379> SINTER s2 s1 # 交集 1) "2" 2) "3" 127.0.0.1:6379> SUNION s1 s2 # 并集 1) "3" 2) "2" 3) "b" 4) "1" 5) "a" 127.0.0.1:6379> SDIFF s1 s2 # 差集 1) "1" 127.0.0.1:6379> SDIFF s2 s1 # 差集 1) "a" 2) "b" 127.0.0.1:6379>

6 hash

6.1 hget/hset/hmset/hmget/hgetall

127.0.0.1:6379> HSET user id 1 (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> HSET user name "tom" (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> HGET user id "1" 127.0.0.1:6379> HGET user name "tom" # set user.name="apache",user.age=24,user.sex="male" 127.0.0.1:6379> HMSET user name "apache" age 24 sex "male" OK 127.0.0.1:6379> HGET user age "24" # get user.id,user.name,user.age,user.sex 127.0.0.1:6379> HMGET user id name age sex 1) "1" 2) "apache" 3) "24" 4) "male" 127.0.0.1:6379> HGETALL user 1) "id" 2) "1" 3) "name" 4) "apache" 5) "age" 6) "24" 7) "sex" 8) "male" 127.0.0.1:6379>

6.2 hlen/hdel/hkeys/hvals

127.0.0.1:6379> HDEL user age sex # del user.age ,del user.sex (integer) 2 127.0.0.1:6379> HGETALL user 1) "id" 2) "1" 3) "name" 4) "apache" 127.0.0.1:6379> HLEN user (integer) 2 # user.keySet() 127.0.0.1:6379> HKEYS user 1) "id" 2) "name" # user.values() 127.0.0.1:6379> HVALS user 1) "1" 2) "apache" 127.0.0.1:6379>

6.3 hincrby/hIncrByFloat

127.0.0.1:6379> HSET u age 1 (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> HINCRBY u age 1 # u.age++ (integer) 2 127.0.0.1:6379> HINCRBY u age 1 # u.age++ (integer) 3 127.0.0.1:6379> HINCRBY u age 1 # u.age++ (integer) 4 127.0.0.1:6379> HGET u age "4" 127.0.0.1:6379> HINCRBY u age 10 # u.age += 10 (integer) 14 127.0.0.1:6379> HGET u age "14" 127.0.0.1:6379> HINCRBY u age -2 # u.age -= 2 (integer) 12 127.0.0.1:6379> HINCRBYFLOAT u age 1.2 # u.age += 1.2 "13.2" 127.0.0.1:6379> HINCRBYFLOAT u age 1.5 # u.age += 1.5 "14.7" 127.0.0.1:6379> HINCRBYFLOAT u age -1.5 # u.age -= 1.5 "13.2" 127.0.0.1:6379>

6.4 hsetnx

127.0.0.1:6379> FLUSHALL OK 127.0.0.1:6379> HSET user id 1 (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> HSETNX user name "tom" # 不存在,则设置值 (integer) 1 127.0.0.1:6379> HSETNX user name "tom" # 存在,则无效 (integer) 0 127.0.0.1:6379>

7 zset

7.1 zadd/zrange

127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD z1 1 v1 2 v2 3 v3 (integer) 3 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE z1 0 -1 1) "v1" 2) "v2" 3) "v3" 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE z1 0 -1 withscores 1) "v1" 2) "1" 3) "v2" 4) "2" 5) "v3" 6) "3" 127.0.0.1:6379>

7.2 zRangeByScore

# 1 <= score <= 2 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGEBYSCORE z1 1 2 1) "v1" 2) "v2" # 1 <= score <= 2 同时获取score 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGEBYSCORE z1 1 2 withscores 1) "v1" 2) "1" 3) "v2" 4) "2" # 1 <= score < 2 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGEBYSCORE z1 1 (2 1) "v1" # 1 <= score < 2 同时获取score 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGEBYSCORE z1 1 (2 withscores 1) "v1" 2) "1" # 再次添加元素v4,v5 127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD z1 4 v4 5 v5 (integer) 2 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE z1 0 -1 1) "v1" 2) "v2" 3) "v3" 4) "v4" 5) "v5" # 2 <= score <= 4 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGEBYSCORE z1 2 4 1) "v2" 2) "v3" 3) "v4" # 此处的limit和MySQL类似 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGEBYSCORE z1 2 4 limit 2 1 1) "v4" 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGEBYSCORE z1 2 4 limit 0 1 1) "v2" 127.0.0.1:6379>

7.3 zrem/zcard/zcount

127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD z2 1 v1 2 v2 3 v3 (integer) 3 127.0.0.1:6379> ZCARD z2 # size of z2 (integer) 3 127.0.0.1:6379> ZREM z2 v2 v3 # del v2,v3 (integer) 2 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE z2 0 -1 1) "v1" # 1 <= score <=5 的元素的个数 127.0.0.1:6379> ZCOUNT z2 1 5 (integer) 1 # 获取v1的score 127.0.0.1:6379> ZSCORE z2 v1 "1" 127.0.0.1:6379>

参考资料

尚硅谷思维导图资料http://www.redis.cn/commands.htmlhttps://redis.io/commands