redhat 系统想要直接在线通过yum的条件时需要注册，一般用户都是非注册的，这个时候如果要想通过yum安装新软件，我们可以通过将安装盘镜像ISO文件设置为yum源的方式来进行。一般经过下面几步
第一步：上传安装进项文件到服务器上。例如我将rhel-server-6.4-x86_64-dvd.iso上传到/home目录下
第二步：mount iso文件。到本地目录mount -o loop -t iso9660 /mnt/cdrom /home/rhel-server-6.4-x86_64-dvd.iso 。其中/mnt/cdrom目录需提前创建好。
第三步：新建一个/etc/yum.repos.d/cdrom.repo文件。其中文件内容如下
[CDROM] name=isofile baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom enabled=1 gpgcheck=0 gpgkey=file:///mnt/cdrom/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release 其中
CDROM是yum源名称。
baseurl设置为iso镜像文件mount的目录/mnt/cdrom
enable的值必须是1
gpgcheck的值随便
gpgkey文件设置为/mnt/cdrom目录下的RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release即可
保存退出后，执行下面的命令验证yum源是否设置好了
yum list gcc
Loaded plugins: product-id, security, subscription-manager This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register. Available Packages gcc.x86_64 4.4.7-3.el6 CDROM 如上所示，提示在CDROM这个yum源中找到gcc.x86_64的包。说明本地ISO的yum源设置好了。后面可以通过yum install命令安装ISO中有的软件包了。
实际上，不新建/etc/yum.repos.d/cdrom.repo也是可以的。直接编辑系统自带的/etc/yum.repos.d/ rhel-source.repo.repo文件也可以。将内容添加到文件后面，如下所示也可以
[rhel-source] name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever - $basearch - Source baseurl=ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/linux/enterprise/$releasever/en/os/SRPMS/ enabled=0 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release [rhel-source-beta] name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever Beta - $basearch - Source baseurl=ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/linux/beta/$releasever/en/os/SRPMS/ enabled=0 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-beta,file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release [CDROM] name=isofile baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom enabled=1 gpgcheck=0 gpgkey=file:///mnt/cdrom/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
效果一样。
远程安装实施时，如何配置远程服务器的本地yum安装源 overview 1.使用 ftp 将 Oracle Linux-R5-U8-Server-x86_64-dvd.iso 上传到 /home 目录下。再使用 mount 命令挂载镜像。 mount/home/OracleLinux-R5-U8-Server-x86_64-dvd.iso /media -o loop 2.确认xx.iso已经在/media 下。 cd /media ll 3.编辑yum配置文件： vi /etc/yum.repos.d/oel-media.repo [oel-media] name= oel 5.8 baseurl=file:///media/Server enabled=1 gpgcheck=0 4.清除yum缓存，使用yuminstall自动安装软件 yum clean all yum install oracle-validated FYI： 以下案例为使用oracle linux 自带的 oracle-validated-rpm 自动配置oracle linux的安装环境。 [root@lixora home]# ll total 6884764 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 801603584 Jun 28 06:39 10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3884036096 Jun 2807:06 OracleLinux-R5-U8-Server-x86_64-dvd.iso -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1307536871 Jun 2806:50 p10098816_112020_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1049912579 Jun 2806:49 p10098816_112020_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip 挂载镜像 [root@lixora home]# mount/home/OracleLinux-R5-U8-Server-x86_64-dvd.iso /media -o loop [root@lixora home]# cd /media [root@lixora media]# ll total 732 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5165 Feb 29 2012 blafdoc.css drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 2048 Feb 29 2012 Cluster drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Feb 29 2012 ClusterStorage -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6830 Feb 29 2012 EULA -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7041 Feb 29 2012 eula.en_US -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3334 Feb 29 2012 eula.py -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18390 Feb 29 2012 GPL drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 2048 Feb 29 2012 images drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 2048 Feb 29 2012 isolinux -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3547 Feb 29 2012 README-en -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7897 Feb 29 2012 README-en.html -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 35456 Feb 29 2012 RELEASE-NOTES-en -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 38444 Feb 29 2012 RELEASE-NOTES-en.html -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1397 Feb 29 2012 RPM-GPG-KEY -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1397 Feb 29 2012 RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 593920 Feb 29 2012 Server -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 105Feb 29 2012 supportinfo -r--r--r-- 1 root root 4436 Feb 29 2012 TRANS.TBL drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 8192 Feb 29 2012 VT [root@lixora media]# pwd /media [root@lixora media]# vi/etc/yum.repos.d/oel-media.repo [oel-media] name= oel 5.8 baseurl=file:///media/Server enabled=1 gpgcheck=0 "/etc/yum.repos.d/oel-media.repo"[New] 6L, 77C written 确认无误 [root@lixora media]# more/etc/yum.repos.d/oel-media.repo [oel-media] name= oel 5.8 baseurl=file:///media/Server enabled=1 gpgcheck=0 开始安装 oracle-validated-rpm [root@lixora media]# yum clean all Loaded plugins: rhnplugin, security Cleaning up Everything [root@lixora media]# yum installoracle-validated Loaded plugins: rhnplugin, security This system is not registered with ULN. ULN support will be disabled. oel-media | 1.1 kB 00:00 oel-media/primary | 1.4MB 00:00 oel-media 3298/3298 Setting up Install Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package oracle-validated.x86_640:1.1.0-15.el5 set to be updated oel-media/filelists | 3.1MB 00:00 --> Processing Dependency: sysstat forpackage: oracle-validated --> Processing Dependency:/usr/lib/libaio.so for package: oracle- validated --> Processing Dependency: glibc-headersfor package: oracle-validated --> Processing Dependency:elfutils-libelf-devel for package: oracle- validated --> Processing Dependency:unixODBC-devel for package: oracle- validated --> Processing Dependency:/usr/lib64/libodbccr.so for package: oracle-validated --> Processing Dependency: gcc-c++ forpackage: oracle-validated --> Processing Dependency: libaio-develfor package: oracle-validated --> Processing Dependency: gcc forpackage: oracle-validated --> Processing Dependency:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat- linux/4.1.1/libstdc++.a for package:oracle-validated --> Processing Dependency:/usr/lib/libc.so for package: oracle- validated --> Processing Dependency:/usr/lib64/libaio.so for package: oracle- validated --> Processing Dependency:/usr/lib64/libc.so for package: oracle- validated --> Processing Dependency: /usr/lib/libodbccr.sofor package: oracle- validated --> Processing Dependency: libXp.so.6for package: oracle-validated --> Running transaction check ---> Packageelfutils-libelf-devel.x86_64 0:0.137-3.el5 set to be updated --> Processing Dependency: elfutils-libelf-devel-static-x86_64= 0.137-3.el5 for package:elfutils-libelf-devel ---> Package gcc.x86_64 0:4.1.2-52.el5set to be updated ---> Package gcc-c++.x86_640:4.1.2-52.el5 set to be updated ---> Package glibc-devel.i386 0:2.5-81set to be updated ---> Package glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.5-81set to be updated ---> Package glibc-headers.x86_640:2.5-81 set to be updated --> Processing Dependency:kernel-headers >= 2.2.1 for package: glibc-headers --> Processing Dependency:kernel-headers for package: glibc-headers ---> Package libXp.i386 0:1.0.0-8.1.el5set to be updated ---> Package libaio-devel.i3860:0.3.106-5 set to be updated ---> Package libaio-devel.x86_640:0.3.106-5 set to be updated ---> Package libstdc++-devel.x86_640:4.1.2-52.el5 set to be updated ---> Package sysstat.x86_640:7.0.2-11.el5 set to be updated ---> Package unixODBC-devel.i3860:2.2.11-10.el5 set to be updated ---> Package unixODBC-devel.x86_640:2.2.11-10.el5 set to be updated --> Running transaction check ---> Packageelfutils-libelf-devel-static.x86_64 0:0.137-3.el5 set to be updated ---> Package kernel-headers.x86_640:2.6.18-308.el5 set to be updated --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ====================================================================== ========== Installing: oracle-validated x86_64 1.1.0-15.el5 oel-media 24 k Installing for dependencies: elfutils-libelf-devel x86_64 0.137-3.el5 oel-media 24 k elfutils-libelf-devel-static x86_64 0.137-3.el5 oel-media 64 k gcc x86_64 4.1.2-52.el5 oel-media 5.3 M gcc-c++ x86_64 4.1.2-52.el5 oel-media 3.8 M glibc-devel i386 2.5-81 oel-media 2.0 M glibc-devel x86_64 2.5-81 oel-media 2.4 M glibc-headers x86_64 2.5-81 oel-media 596 k kernel-headers x86_64 2.6.18-308.el5 oel-media 1.4 M libXp i386 1.0.0-8.1.el5 oel-media 22 k libaio-devel i386 0.3.106-5 oel-media 12 k libaio-devel x86_64 0.3.106-5 oel-media 11 k libstdc++-devel x86_64 4.1.2-52.el5 oel-media 2.8 M sysstat x86_64 7.0.2-11.el5 oel-media 187 k unixODBC-devel i386 2.2.11-10.el5 oel-media 38 k unixODBC-devel x86_64 2.2.11-10.el5 oel-media 793 k Transaction Summary ================================================================================ Install 16 Package(s) Upgrade 0 Package(s) Total download size: 20 M Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 433MB/s | 20 MB 00:00 Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Finished Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Installing :libstdc++-devel 1/16 Installing : sysstat 2/16 Installing : libaio-devel 3/16 Installing :unixODBC-devel 5/16 Installing :kernel-headers 6/16 Installing :glibc-headers 7/16 Installing : glibc-devel 8/16 Installing : glibc-devel 9/16 Installing : libaio-devel 10/16 Installing : libXp 11/16 Installing : gcc 12/16 Installing : gcc-c++ 13/16 Installing :elfutils-libelf-devel 14/16 Installing :oracle-validated 15/16 Installing :elfutils-libelf-devel-static 16/16 Installed: oracle-validated.x86_64 0:1.1.0-15.el5 Dependency Installed: elfutils-libelf-devel.x86_64 0:0.137-3.el5 elfutils-libelf-devel-static.x86_640:0.137-3.el5 gcc.x86_64 0:4.1.2-52.el5 gcc-c++.x86_64 0:4.1.2-52.el5 glibc-devel.i386 0:2.5-81 glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.5-81 glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.5-81 kernel-headers.x86_64 0:2.6.18-308.el5 libXp.i3860:1.0.0-8.1.el5 libaio-devel.i386 0:0.3.106-5 libaio-devel.x86_64 0:0.3.106-5 libstdc++-devel.x86_64 0:4.1.2-52.el5 sysstat.x86_64 0:7.0.2-11.el5 unixODBC-devel.i386 0:2.2.11-10.el5 unixODBC-evel.x86_64 0:2.2.11-10.el5 Complete! 到此oracle-validate-rpm 已全部安装完，已经为我们做好了一切装备。 [root@lixora media]# id oracle uid=54321(oracle) gid=54321(oinstall)groups=54321(oinstall),54322(dba) [root@lixora media]# passwd oracle Changing password for user oracle. New UNIX password: BAD PASSWORD: it is based on a dictionaryword Retype new UNIX password: passwd: all authentication tokens updatedsuccessfully. [root@lixora media]#
