1. 首先通过pip install builtwith安装builtwith
[plain] view plain copy print ? C:\Users\Administrator>pip install builtwith Collecting builtwith Downloading builtwith-1.3.2.tar.gz Installing collected packages: builtwith Running setup.py install for builtwith ... done Successfully installed builtwith-1.3.2 C:\Users\Administrator>pip install builtwith Collecting builtwith Downloading builtwith-1.3.2.tar.gz Installing collected packages: builtwith Running setup.py install for builtwith ... done Successfully installed builtwith-1.3.2 2. 在pycharm中新建工程并输入下面测试代码 [plain] view plain copy print ? import builtwith tech_used = builtwith.parse('http://www.baidu.com') print(tech_used) import builtwith tech_used = builtwith.parse('http://www.baidu.com') print(tech_used) 运行会得到下面的错误： [plain] view plain copy print ? C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python.exe F:/python/first/FirstPy Traceback (most recent call last): File "F:/python/first/FirstPy", line 1, in <module> import builtwith File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\builtwith\__init__.py", line 43 except Exception, e: ^ SyntaxError: invalid syntax Process finished with exit code 1 C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python.exe F:/python/first/FirstPy Traceback (most recent call last): File "F:/python/first/FirstPy", line 1, in <module> import builtwith File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\builtwith\__init__.py", line 43 except Exception, e: ^ SyntaxError: invalid syntax Process finished with exit code 1 原因是builtwith是基于2.x版本的，需要修改几个地方，在pycharm出错信息中双击出错文件，进行修改，主要修改下面三种： 1. Python2中的 “Exception ,e”的写法已经不支持，需要修改为“Exception as e”。 2. Python2中print后的表达式在Python3中都需要用括号括起来。 3. builtwith中使用的是Python2中的urllib2工具包，这个工具包在Python3中是不存在的，需要修改urllib2相关的代码。 1和2容易修改，下面主要针对第3点进行修改： 首先将import urllib2替换为下面的代码： [plain] view plain copy print ? import urllib.request import urllib.error import urllib.request import urllib.error然后将urllib2的相关方法替换如下： [plain] view plain copy print ? request = urllib.request.Request(url, None, {'User-Agent': user_agent}) response = urllib.request.urlopen(request) request = urllib.request.Request(url, None, {'User-Agent': user_agent}) response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)再次运行项目，遇到下面错误：
[plain] view plain copy print ? C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python.exe F:/python/first/FirstPy Traceback (most recent call last): File "F:/python/first/FirstPy", line 3, in <module> builtwith.parse('http://www.baidu.com') File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\builtwith\__init__.py", line 62, in builtwith if contains(html, snippet): File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\builtwith\__init__.py", line 105, in contains return re.compile(regex.split('\\;')[0], flags=re.IGNORECASE).search(v) TypeError: cannot use a string pattern on a bytes-like object Process finished with exit code 1 C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python.exe F:/python/first/FirstPy Traceback (most recent call last): File "F:/python/first/FirstPy", line 3, in <module> builtwith.parse('http://www.baidu.com') File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\builtwith\__init__.py", line 62, in builtwith if contains(html, snippet): File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\builtwith\__init__.py", line 105, in contains return re.compile(regex.split('\\;')[0], flags=re.IGNORECASE).search(v) TypeError: cannot use a string pattern on a bytes-like object Process finished with exit code 1 这是因为urllib返回的数据格式已经发生了改变，需要进行转码，将下面的代码： [plain] view plain copy print ? if html is None: html = response.read() if html is None: html = response.read()修改为 [plain] view plain copy print ? if html is None: html = response.read() html = html.decode('utf-8') if html is None: html = response.read() html = html.decode('utf-8') 再次运行得到最终结果如下： [plain] view plain copy print ? C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python.exe F:/python/first/FirstPy {'javascript-frameworks': ['jQuery']} Process finished with exit code 0 C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python.exe F:/python/first/FirstPy {'javascript-frameworks': ['jQuery']} Process finished with exit code 0 但是如果把网站换成 'www.163.com'，运行再次报错如下： [plain] view plain copy print ? C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python.exe F:/python/first/FirstPy Error: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xcd in position 500: invalid continuation byte Traceback (most recent call last): File "F:/python/first/FirstPy", line 2, in <module> tech_used = builtwith.parse('http://www.163.com') File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\builtwith\__init__.py", line 63, in builtwith if contains(html, snippet): File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\builtwith\__init__.py", line 106, in contains return re.compile(regex.split('\\;')[0], flags=re.IGNORECASE).search(v) TypeError: cannot use a string pattern on a bytes-like object Process finished with exit code 1 C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python.exe F:/python/first/FirstPy Error: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xcd in position 500: invalid continuation byte Traceback (most recent call last): File "F:/python/first/FirstPy", line 2, in <module> tech_used = builtwith.parse('http://www.163.com') File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\builtwith\__init__.py", line 63, in builtwith if contains(html, snippet): File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\lib\site-packages\builtwith\__init__.py", line 106, in contains return re.compile(regex.split('\\;')[0], flags=re.IGNORECASE).search(v) TypeError: cannot use a string pattern on a bytes-like object Process finished with exit code 1 似乎还是编码的问题，将编码设置成 ‘GBK’，运行成功如下： [plain] view plain copy print ? C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python.exe F:/python/first/FirstPy {'web-servers': ['Nginx']} Process finished with exit code 0 C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36\python.exe F:/python/first/FirstPy {'web-servers': ['Nginx']} Process finished with exit code 0 所以不同的网站需要用不同的解码方式么？下面介绍一种判别网站编码格式的方法。 我们需要安装一个叫chardet的工具包，如下： [plain] view plain copy print ? C:\Users\Administrator>pip install chardet Collecting chardet Downloading chardet-2.3.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (180kB) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 184kB 616kB/s Installing collected packages: chardet Successfully installed chardet-2.3.0 C:\Users\Administrator> C:\Users\Administrator>pip install chardet Collecting chardet Downloading chardet-2.3.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (180kB) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 184kB 616kB/s Installing collected packages: chardet Successfully installed chardet-2.3.0 C:\Users\Administrator> 将byte数据传入chardet的detect方法后会得到一个Dict，里面有两个值，一个是置信值，一个是编码方式 [plain] view plain copy print ? {'encoding': 'utf-8', 'confidence': 0.99} {'encoding': 'utf-8', 'confidence': 0.99} 将builtwith对应的代码做下面修改： [plain] view plain copy print ? encode_type = chardet.detect(html) if encode_type['encoding'] == 'utf-8': html = html.decode('utf-8') else: html = html.decode('gbk') encode_type = chardet.detect(html) if encode_type['encoding'] == 'utf-8': html = html.decode('utf-8') else: html = html.decode('gbk') 记得 import chardet！！！！ 加入chardet判断字符编码的方式后，就能适配网站了~~~~