前言
本文所述完整可运行项目程序托管在本人的github:https://github.com/Wuchenwcf/springDemo
本文所述网站发布在本人的服务器：http://www.chongfer.cn/springDemo/
本文所述涉及到Spring依赖注入的基础知识，http://blog.csdn.net/luchengtao11/article/details/67632383
本文将按照《Spring in action》书本上第五章的部分逐步构建一个简单的微博网站。对于一些知识点只是简要说明，仅作参考。想要更深入地了解，读者们可以阅读原书。
本文所述程序是通过Eclipse建立的标准Maven Web工程，因为用到Spring Mvc,所以需要在Maven pom.xml添加依赖的Spring jar包，如下图所示
1.配置DispatcherServlet
package spittr.config; import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer; public class SpittrWebAppInitializer extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer { // @Override protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return new Class<?>[]{RootConfig.class}; } @Override protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return new Class<?>[] {WebConfig.class}; } //将DispatcherServlet映射到了“/” @Override protected String[] getServletMappings() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return new String[]{"/"}; } } 2.启用Spring MVC package spittr.config; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ViewResolver; import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer; import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc; import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter; import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver; @Configuration //启用Mvc @EnableWebMvc //启用组件扫描 @ComponentScan("spittr.web") public class WebConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter { //配置JSP视图解析器 @Bean public ViewResolver viewResolver() { InternalResourceViewResolver resolver=new InternalResourceViewResolver(); resolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/views/"); resolver.setSuffix(".jsp"); resolver.setExposeContextBeansAsAttributes(true); return resolver; } //配置静态资源的处理 @Override public void configureDefaultServletHandling(DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer configurer) { configurer.enable(); } } 3.编写RootConfig package spittr.config; import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.context.annotation.FilterType; import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc; @Configuration @ComponentScan(basePackages={"spitter"},excludeFilters={@ComponentScan.Filter(type=FilterType.ANNOTATION,value=EnableWebMvc.class)}) public class RootConfig { }1.最简单的控制器
package spittr.web; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; //声明一个控制器 @Controller public class HomeController { //处理对“/”的GET请求 @RequestMapping(value="/",method=RequestMethod.GET) public String home() { return "home"; } }2.在WEB-INF/view/下定义一个简单的jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"> <title>Spittr</title> </head> <body> <h1>Welcome to spittr</h1> <a href="/spittles"> Spittles</a>|<a href="/spitter/register" > Register</a> </body> </html> 到这里，Spring web程序已经能跑起来了,如图所示：
3.传递模型数据到视图中
设计Spittle类
package spittr.Spittle; import java.util.Date; import org.apache.commons.lang.builder.EqualsBuilder; import org.apache.commons.lang.builder.HashCodeBuilder; public class Spittle { private final Long id; private final String message; private final Date time; private Double latitude; private Double longitude; public Spittle(String message ,Date time,Double longitude,Double latitude) { this.id=null; this.message=message; this.time=time; this.longitude=longitude; this.latitude=latitude; } public long getId() { return this.id; } public String getMessage() { return this.message; } public Double getLongitude() { return this.latitude; } public Double getLatitude() { return this.latitude; } public boolean equals(Object That) { //应用此处代码需要comment-lang依赖 return EqualsBuilder.reflectionEquals(this,That); } public int hashCode() { return HashCodeBuilder.reflectionHashCode(this); } } 定义一个数据访问的Repository package spittr.data; import java.util.List; import spittr.Spittle.Spittle; public interface SpittleRepository { List<Spittle> findSpittles(long max,int count); } 书本上没有给出这个接口的实现，导致，不能进行前一阶段的测试，这里我写了一个简单的实现累，并在config中添加@bean注解生成Bean package spittr.data; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Date; import java.util.List; import spittr.Spittle.Spittle; public class SpittleRepositoryImp implements SpittleRepository{ public List<Spittle> findSpittles(long max, int count) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub List<Spittle> list=new ArrayList<Spittle>(); for(int i=0;i<count;i++) list.add(new Spittle("spittle"+i,new Date())); return list; } } 然后编写SpittleController类 package spittr.web; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.ui.Model; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; import spittr.data.SpittleRepository; @Controller @RequestMapping("/spittles") public class SpittleController { private SpittleRepository spittleRepository; @Autowired public SpittleController(SpittleRepository s) { this.spittleRepository=s; } @RequestMapping(method=RequestMethod.GET) public String spittles(Model model) { model.addAttribute("spittleList",spittleRepository.findSpittles(Long.MAX_VALUE, 20)); model.addAttribute("s", 12345); System.out.println(model.toString()); return "spittles"; } }
编写JSP脚本Spittles.jsp
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"%> <%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags"%> <%@ taglib prefix="fn" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/functions" %> <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <%@ page isELIgnored="false" %> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"> <title>Insert title here</title> </head> <body> <c:forEach items="${spittleList}" var="spittle"> <li id="spittle_<c:out value="spittle.id"/>"> <div class="spittleMessage"> <c:out value="${spittle.message}" /> </div> <div> <span class="spittleTime"><c:out value="${spittle.time}" /></span> <span class="spittleLocation"> (<c:out value="${spittle.latitude}" />, <c:out value="${spittle.longitude}" />) </span> </div> </li> </c:forEach> </body> </html>
此时，整个网站又可以运行了，如下：
1.首先编写SpitterController，展现一个表单，允许用户注册该应用
package spittr.web; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; @Controller @RequestMapping("/spitter") public class SpitterController { //处理对“/spitter/register”的请求 @RequestMapping(value="/register",method=RequestMethod.GET) public String showRegistrationForm() { System.out.println("REgisterForm"); return "registerForm"; } } 2.然后编写registerForm.jsp <%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %> <%@ page session="false" %> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Spittr</title> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="<c:url value="/resources/style.css"/>" > </head> <body> <h1>Register</h1> <form method="post"> First Name:<input type="text" name="firstName" /><br/> Last Name:<input type="text" name="lastName" /><br/> User Name:<input type="text" name="userName" /><br/> Password :<input type="password" name="password" /><br/> <input type="submit" value="Register" /> </form> </body> </html> 此时，网站又可以完整地运行了，效果如下:
2.处理所提交的表单并注册新用户
创建SpitterController类
package spittr.web; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.ui.Model; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; import spittr.Spitter; import spittr.data.SpitterRepository; @Controller @RequestMapping("/spitter") public class SpitterController { private SpitterRepository spitterRepository; //自动注入 @Autowired public SpitterController(SpitterRepository sp) { this.spitterRepository=sp; } //处理对“/spitter/register”的请求 @RequestMapping(value="/register",method=RequestMethod.GET) public String showRegistrationForm() { System.out.println("REgisterForm"); return "registerForm"; } @RequestMapping(value="/register",method=RequestMethod.POST) public String processRegistration(Spitter spitter) { spitterRepository.save(spitter); return "redirect:/spitter/"+spitter.getUserName(); } @RequestMapping(value="/{username}",method=RequestMethod.GET) public String showSpitterProfile(@PathVariable String username,Model model) { Spitter spitter=spitterRepository.findByUserName(username); model.addAttribute(spitter); return "profile"; } } 2.添加Profile 用来显示用户信息 <%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %> <%@ page session="false" %> <%@ page isELIgnored="false" %> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"> <title>Your Profile</title> </head> <body> <h1>Your Profile</h1> <c:out value="${spitter.userName}"></c:out><br/> <c:out value="${spitter.firstName}"></c:out> <c:out value="${spitter.lastName}"></c:out> </html> 到现在，网站又可以运行了。效果如下：
