Python包管理工具——Pip

1 前言

pip 是一个Python包管理工具，主要是用于安装 PyPI 上的软件包，可以替代 easy_install 工具。

GitHub: https://github.com/pypa/pipDoc: https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/

2 获取pip

2.1 脚本安装pip

$ curl -O https://raw.github.com/pypa/pip/master/contrib/get-pip.py $ python get-pip.py

2.2 使用包管理软件安装

$ sudo yum install python-pip $ sudo apt-get install python-pip

2.3 更新pip

$ pip install -U pip

3 pip基本使用

3.1 安装PyPI软件

$ pip install SomePackage [...] Successfully installed SomePackage

3.2 查看具体安装文件

$ pip show --files SomePackage Name: SomePackage Version: 1.0 Location: /my/env/lib/pythonx.x/site-packages Files: ../somepackage/__init__.py [...]

3.3 查看哪些软件需要更新

$ pip list --outdated SomePackage (Current: 1.0 Latest: 2.0)

3.4 升级软件包

$ pip install --upgrade SomePackage [...] Found existing installation: SomePackage 1.0 Uninstalling SomePackage: Successfully uninstalled SomePackage Running setup.py install for SomePackage Successfully installed SomePackage

3.5 卸载软件包

$ pip uninstall SomePackage Uninstalling SomePackage: /my/env/lib/pythonx.x/site-packages/somepackage Proceed (y/n)? y Successfully uninstalled SomePackage

4 pip简明手册

4.1 安装具体版本软件

$ pip install SomePackage # latest version $ pip install SomePackage==1.0.4 # specific version $ pip install 'SomePackage>=1.0.4' # minimum version

4.2 Requirements文件安装依赖软件

Requirements文件 一般记录的是依赖软件列表，通过pip可以一次性安装依赖软件包:

$ pip freeze > requirements.txt $ pip install -r requirements.txt

4.3 列出软件包清单

$ pip list $ pip list --outdated ipython (Current: 1.2.0 Latest: 2.3.0)

4.4 查看软件包信息

$ pip show pip --- Name: pip Version: 1.4.1 Location: /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-1.4.1-py2.7.egg Requires: $ pip show pyopencl --- Name: pyopencl Version: 2014.1 Location: /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages Requires: pytools, pytest, decorator

4.5 搜寻

$ pip search pycuda pycuda - Python wrapper for Nvidia CUDA pyfft - FFT library for PyCuda and PyOpenCL cudatree - Random Forests for the GPU using PyCUDA reikna - GPGPU algorithms for PyCUDA and PyOpenCL compyte - A common set of compute primitives for PyCUDA and PyOpenCL (to be created)

4.6 配置文件

配置文件: $HOME/.pip/pip.conf, 举例:

[global] timeout = 60 index-url = http://download.zope.org/ppix [install] ignore-installed = true no-dependencies = yes

4.7 命令行自动补全

对于bash:

$ pip completion --bash >> ~/.profile

对于zsh:

$ pip completion --zsh >> ~/.zprofile

加载此配置文件后，则pip命令支持自动补全功能.

5 后记

应该尽量使用pip，不要继续使用easy_install.