之前提到到前端处理数据线程的解决方案，这里有需要到数据的本地存储，数据持久最好的方式首选数据库。那现在在我们的面前的有两种选择，一种是apple的coredata,另外一种就是采用FMDB。我的主观反应是，我首推的是FMDB，FMDB的灵活性能更强，适用于多种场景，在数据处理上，可以通过选择不同的SQL语句，达到更好的效果。在FMDB的基础上，还有一个更便利的框架－－GYDataCenter。
这里就从一个比较完整的数据模型的创建来讲解着一个解决方案。
这个解决方案大体上分为：数据模型（数据表），数据操作（逻辑运算）和数据迁移，其实就是数据的增删查改，对于不是很了解的SQL语句的开发者来说，这个在方便不过了，在下面的内容里面也穿插讲解一下MD5和基础用户存储的一些解决方案。
在.m的文件中我们要去实现我们声明的文件。
#import "QYJUserInfo.h" //runtime 需要引用的头文件 #import <objc/runtime.h> #import "NSString+MD5.h" // 保存的Key static NSString *const localSaveKey = @"com.userInfo.qyj"; @implementation QYJUserInfo @synthesize userID = _id; #pragma mark - NSCopying - (id)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone { Class modelClass = [self class]; QYJUserInfo *object = [[modelClass alloc] init]; NSArray *propertyName = [modelClass getPropertyNames]; NSLog(@"%@", propertyName); for (NSString *property in propertyName) { [object setValue:[self valueForKey:property] forKey:property]; } return object; } + (NSArray *)getPropertyNames { NSMutableArray *names = @[].mutableCopy; u_int count; objc_property_t *properties = class_copyPropertyList(self, &count); for (int i=0; i<count; i++) { objc_property_t property = properties[i]; NSString *propertyName = [[NSString alloc] initWithCString:property_getName(property) encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]; [names addObject:propertyName]; } //释放 free(properties); return names; } #pragma mark - public Method + (instancetype)toModelWithDictionary:(NSDictionary *)dict { QYJUserInfo *userInfo = [[QYJUserInfo alloc] init]; /** *这里需要注意的是 id 在OC中是一个系统的特殊符号，所以用@synthesize userID = _id *来处理setValuesForKeysWithDictionary中对于id的转换。 */ [userInfo setValuesForKeysWithDictionary:dict]; return userInfo; } - (NSDictionary *)toDictionary { NSMutableDictionary *dict = @{}.mutableCopy; NSArray *propertyName = [[self class] getPropertyNames]; for (NSString *property in propertyName) { id value = [self valueForKey:property]; //这里字典不能传入一个nil的对象，这里就加一个判断 //这里只存在字符串类型的类型的数据，故这样判段，如果存在多种类型着要注意基础类型int一类的数据 [dict setValue:value ? value : @"" forKey:property]; } return dict; } - (NSString *)getMD5 { NSString *mdStringMD5 = @""; NSArray *propertyName = [[self class] getPropertyNames]; for (NSString *property in propertyName) { id value = [self valueForKey:property]; /** *如果是需要和后台交互的，这里要和后台约定好MD5排列的顺序 *只要字段的排列顺序不一样，生成的MD5也不一样, *OC的字典转String的顺序和Java中toString的顺序有可能不相同，导致数据验证失败 *字符串中字段顺序就是.h文件中的声明的顺序一致 */ if (value) { mdStringMD5 = [mdStringMD5 stringByAppendingString:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@%@", propertyName, value]]; } } return mdStringMD5.MD5; } - (BOOL)saveObjectToLocal { //创建文档的key和需要加密的内容 [self save:localSaveKey data:[self toDictionary]]; return YES; } + (id)localUserInfo { id ret = nil; NSMutableDictionary *keychainQuery = [[self class] getKeychainQuery:localSaveKey]; //__bridge_transfer是个C语言的写法 [keychainQuery setObject:(id)kCFBooleanTrue forKey:(__bridge_transfer id)kSecReturnData]; [keychainQuery setObject:(__bridge_transfer id)kSecMatchLimitOne forKey:(__bridge_transfer id)kSecMatchLimit]; CFDataRef keyData = NULL; if (SecItemCopyMatching((__bridge_retained CFDictionaryRef)keychainQuery, (CFTypeRef *)&keyData) == noErr) { //这里防止崩溃加一个try catch，因为这里不会出现野指针，故这里是用try catch能发挥作用的 @try { ret = [NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithData:(__bridge_transfer NSData *)keyData]; } @catch (NSException *exception) { NSLog(@"Unarchive of %@ failed: %@", localSaveKey, exception); } @finally { } } if (ret) { return [self toModelWithDictionary:ret]; } return ret; } #pragma mark - private - (void)save:(NSString *)saveKey data:(id)data { NSMutableDictionary *keychainQuery = [[self class] getKeychainQuery:saveKey]; SecItemDelete((__bridge_retained CFDictionaryRef)keychainQuery); CFRelease((__bridge CFTypeRef)(keychainQuery)); [keychainQuery setObject:[NSKeyedArchiver archivedDataWithRootObject:data] forKey:(__bridge_transfer id)kSecValueData] ; SecItemAdd((__bridge_retained CFDictionaryRef)keychainQuery, NULL); CFRelease((__bridge CFTypeRef)(keychainQuery)); } + (void)deleteUserInfo { NSMutableDictionary *keychainQuery = [[self class] getKeychainQuery:localSaveKey]; SecItemDelete((__bridge_retained CFDictionaryRef)keychainQuery); CFRelease((__bridge CFTypeRef)(keychainQuery)); } + (NSMutableDictionary *)getKeychainQuery:(NSString *)saveKey { return [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys: (__bridge_transfer id)kSecClassGenericPassword,(__bridge_transfer id)kSecClass, saveKey, (__bridge_transfer id)kSecAttrService, saveKey, (__bridge_transfer id)kSecAttrAccount, (__bridge_transfer id)kSecAttrAccessibleAfterFirstUnlock,(__bridge_transfer id)kSecAttrAccessible, nil]; } #pragma mark - rewrite super class - (BOOL)isEqual:(id)object { //对比是否相同 if (![object isKindOfClass:[self class]]) { return NO; } NSDictionary *selfDict = [self toDictionary]; NSDictionary *objectDict = [(QYJUserInfo *)object toDictionary]; return [selfDict isEqualToDictionary:objectDict]; } - (NSComparisonResult)compare:(QYJUserInfo *)otherObject { //根据自己的需要是添加对比的条件 return [self.cname compare:otherObject.cname]; } @end 现在来试试效果，我们在AppDelegate.m里面去构建一个对象，我们采用字典去生成一个，打印出相对应的数据并且保存起来。 #import "AppDelegate.h" #import "QYJUserInfo.h" @interface AppDelegate () @end @implementation AppDelegate - (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions { NSDictionary *userInfoDict = @{ @"username" : @"123456789", @"password" : @"*******", @"email" : @"xxxxx@163.com", @"deleted" : @"0", @"id" : @"666", @"cname" : @"狗剩", @"phone" : @"182xxxx3233", @"type" : @"M", @"ename" : @"Tom", @"created_dt": @"2011-02-03", @"updated_dt": @"2017-02-08" }; QYJUserInfo *object = [QYJUserInfo toModelWithDictionary:userInfoDict]; NSLog(@"%@", object); [object saveObjectToLocal]; return YES; } 为了方便我们的打印，我们去QYJUserInfo.m中去重写一下 - ( NSString *)description 。 - (NSString *)description { NSArray *propertyNames = [[self class] getPropertyNames]; NSString *result = nil; for (NSString *propertyName in propertyNames) { NSString *temp = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@:%@\n", propertyName, [self valueForKey:propertyName]]; if (!result) { result = temp; } else { result = [result stringByAppendingString:temp]; } } return result; }
运行结果：
修改AppDelegate的代码:
- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions { QYJUserInfo *object1 = [QYJUserInfo localUserInfo]; NSLog(@"delete before : %@", object1); //删除本地的档案 [QYJUserInfo deleteUserInfo]; //在获取一次本地的档案，查看是否可以获取 QYJUserInfo *object2 = [QYJUserInfo localUserInfo]; NSLog(@"delete after : %@", object2); return YES; } 运行结果:
用户数据存储就完成了。
首先，我们要知道，GYDataCenter（下面简称GY）这个框架创建表的时候，不需要我们去写创建语句，也不用像FMDB那样，每次增删查改的时候都要读取数据。只要调用相关的该表的SQL语句，框架内部就可以自动创建。
GYDataCenter的github地址：https://github.com/Zepo/GYDataCenter
开始创建一个本地的数据库，建库的方法有很多，可以用一些数据库工具创建一个空的数据库，放到工程里面，也可以用代码去创建。这里通过讲解一个简单的场景去学习如何使用数据库。
我们要做的事情很简单，就是读取手机通讯录的数据，然后转化成相应的数据保存到我们的数据库中，这里我们先写一个通讯录的表。GYDataCenter只是一层封装，不包括FMDB，这里我们要从github上面把FMDB下载下来，导入到工程里面，同时依赖需要的静态库——libsqlite3.0.tbd。编译，无报错，GYDataCenter和FMDB就可以使用了。
创建一个继承于GYModelObject这类的通讯录类，继承GYModelObject之后就可以使用GY的一下数据库的相关方法。
#import "GYModelObject.h" @interface QYJContactsInfo : GYModelObject /** * 主键 */ @property (assign, nonatomic, readonly) NSInteger primaryKeyId; /** * 联系人姓名 */ @property (strong, nonatomic, readonly) NSString *name; /** * 顾客姓名首字母 */ @property (strong, nonatomic, readonly) NSString *nameFirstLetter; /** * 顾客姓名拼音 */ @property (strong, nonatomic, readonly) NSString *namePinyin; /** * 电话号码 */ @property (strong, nonatomic, readonly) NSString *phoneNum; - (NSDictionary *)toDictionary; @end .m文件#import "QYJContactsInfo.h" #import <objc/runtime.h> #define PrimaryKeyId @"primaryKeyId" @implementation QYJContactsInfo + (NSString *)dbName { //需要将表存放的数据库 return @"thisIsDatabaseName"; } + (NSString *)tableName { //数据存放的表名字 return @"thisIsTableName"; } + (NSString *)primaryKey { //主键的字段名 return PrimaryKeyId; } + (NSArray *)persistentProperties { //这里是返回你的属性名，顺序和@interface中声明的是一样的 static dispatch_once_t onceToken; static NSArray *properties = nil; dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{ properties = @[ @"primaryKeyId", @"name", @"nameFirstLetter", @"namePinyin", @"phoneNum", ]; }); return properties; } - (BOOL)isEqual:(id)object { if (![object isKindOfClass:[self class]]) return NO; NSDictionary *selfDict = [self toDictionary]; NSDictionary *tempDcit = [(QYJContactsInfo *)object toDictionary]; return [selfDict isEqualToDictionary:tempDcit]; } - (NSString *)description { NSArray *propertyNames = [[self class] getPropertyNames]; NSString *result = nil; for (NSString *propertyName in propertyNames) { NSString *temp = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@:%@\n", propertyName, [self valueForKey:propertyName]]; if (!result) { result = temp; } else { result = [result stringByAppendingString:temp]; } } return result; } - (NSDictionary *)toDictionary { NSMutableDictionary *dict = @{}.mutableCopy; NSArray *propertyName = [[self class] getPropertyNames]; for (NSString *property in propertyName) { id value = [self valueForKey:property]; //这里字典不能传入一个nil的对象，这里就加一个判断 if ([property isEqualToString:PrimaryKeyId]) { //自增的ID，自动填写，无需自己手动编号，一般于业务无关，这里转字典的时候，根据实际需求修改 continue; } [dict setValue:value ? value : @"" forKey:property]; } return dict; } + (NSArray *)getPropertyNames { NSMutableArray *names = @[].mutableCopy; u_int count; objc_property_t *properties = class_copyPropertyList(self, &count); for (int i=0; i<count; i++) { objc_property_t property = properties[i]; NSString *propertyName = [[NSString alloc] initWithCString:property_getName(property) encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]; [names addObject:propertyName]; } //释放 free(properties); return names; } @end
+ (NSString *)dbName;
+ (NSString *)tableName;
+ (NSString *)primaryKey;
+ (NSArray *)persistentProperties;
这三个方法必须实现，这里关系到数据表的创建和使用。一个数据表的创建方式大体就是这样子了，除上述4个方法开发者根据业务的需求去增加的。接下来就是去获取我们通讯录，联系人的数据了。这里要注意一下权限的问题，在iOS 10中，通讯录权限必须要在.plist文件里面去声明注册，否则在iOS10以上的机子上会出现闪出。
.plist文件里面添加
<key>NSContactsUsageDescription</key>
<string>访问您的通讯录</string>
这里是注册权限，
iOS 9以后有一个新的获取通讯录联系人的API，这里不做深入探讨，有兴趣的可以自己查看API文档或者去看其他大神的技术分享博客。
//iOS 9之前
#import <AddressBook/AddressBook.h>
//iOS 9以后
#import <ContactsUI/ContactsUI.h>
简单的获取通讯录联系人代码：#import "QYJContactsInfoManager.h" //iOS 9之前 #import <AddressBook/AddressBook.h> //iOS 9以后 #import <ContactsUI/ContactsUI.h> @implementation QYJContactsInfoManager + (NSMutableArray *)addressBookiOSNineBefore { //新建一个通讯录类 __block ABAddressBookRef addressBooks = nil; //addressBooks = ABAddressBookCreateWithOptions(NULL, NULL); if (ABAddressBookGetAuthorizationStatus() == kABAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined) { ABAddressBookRequestAccessWithCompletion(addressBooks, ^(bool granted, CFErrorRef error){ CFErrorRef *error1 = NULL; addressBooks = ABAddressBookCreateWithOptions(NULL, error1); }); } else if (ABAddressBookGetAuthorizationStatus() == kABAuthorizationStatusAuthorized){ CFErrorRef *error = NULL; addressBooks = ABAddressBookCreateWithOptions(NULL, error); } else { return [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; } //获取通讯录权限 dispatch_semaphore_t sema = dispatch_semaphore_create(0); ABAddressBookRequestAccessWithCompletion(addressBooks, ^(bool granted, CFErrorRef error){dispatch_semaphore_signal(sema); }); dispatch_semaphore_wait(sema, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER); //获取通讯录中的所有人 CFArrayRef allPeople = ABAddressBookCopyArrayOfAllPeople(addressBooks); //通讯录中人数 CFIndex nPeople = ABAddressBookGetPersonCount(addressBooks); NSMutableArray *addressBookTemp = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; //循环，获取每个人的个人信息 for (NSInteger i = 0; i < nPeople; i++) { //获取个人 ABRecordRef person = CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(allPeople, i); //获取个人名字 CFTypeRef abName = ABRecordCopyValue(person, kABPersonFirstNameProperty); CFTypeRef abLastName = ABRecordCopyValue(person, kABPersonLastNameProperty); // CFTypeRef adBirthDay = ABRecordCopyValue(person, kABPersonBirthdayProperty); CFStringRef abFullName = ABRecordCopyCompositeName(person); NSString *nameString = (__bridge NSString *)abName; NSString *lastNameString = (__bridge NSString *)abLastName; // NSString *birthDay = (__bridge NSString *)adBirthDay; NSString *tel ; if ((__bridge id)abFullName != nil) { nameString = (__bridge NSString *)abFullName; } else { if ((__bridge id)abLastName != nil) { nameString = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@ %@", nameString, lastNameString]; } nameString = @""; } ABPropertyID multiProperties[] = { kABPersonPhoneProperty, kABPersonEmailProperty }; NSInteger multiPropertiesTotal = sizeof(multiProperties) / sizeof(ABPropertyID); for (NSInteger j = 0; j < multiPropertiesTotal; j++) { ABPropertyID property = multiProperties[j]; ABMultiValueRef valuesRef = ABRecordCopyValue(person, property); NSInteger valuesCount = 0; if (valuesRef != nil) valuesCount = ABMultiValueGetCount(valuesRef); if (valuesCount == 0) { CFRelease(valuesRef); continue; } for (NSInteger k = 0; k < valuesCount; k++) { CFTypeRef value = ABMultiValueCopyValueAtIndex(valuesRef, k); tel = (__bridge NSString*)value; NSMutableDictionary * pinyinDic = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc]init]; if (nameString != nil && tel != nil) { if (nameString.length == 0) { nameString = tel; } [pinyinDic setObject:nameString forKey:@"name"]; [pinyinDic setObject:tel forKey:@"phoneNum"]; } else{ continue; } [addressBookTemp addObject:pinyinDic]; CFRelease(value); } CFRelease(valuesRef); } } return addressBookTemp; } @end
在AppDelegate中调用相关的API,
- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions { //获取联系人 NSMutableArray *contacts = [QYJContactsInfoManager addressBookiOSNineBefore]; //打印路径，方便查看 NSLog(@"%@, %@", contacts, NSHomeDirectory()); for (NSDictionary *dict in contacts) { //用一个字典去生成对象 QYJContactsInfo *contactsInfo = [QYJContactsInfo objectWithDictionary:dict]; //保存到数据库中 [contactsInfo save]; } return YES; } 运行结果:
调用 save方法就开始保存到数据库里面，只要调用了数据库，这里就会自动去生成数据库和数据表。
如果使用真机调试可以用同步助手或者itune去查看数据库，这里是用模拟器，使用SQLite Professional来打开数据库。
数据库里面的内容：
数据库和数据表的创建就是这样了，下一篇博客详细的数据操作。
