#!/usr/bin/python
# encoding:utf-8
# Filename : pythonDataType.py
# author by :morespeech
# python2.7
# platform:visual studio code, windows
# topic: practice every day
# detial: describe Python data type
# !/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import math
class cPythonDataType:
def number(self):
print ("add: x+y=", 6 + 2)
print ("plus: x-y=", 6 - 2)
print ("mult: x*y=", 6 * 2)
print ("divide:x/y=", 6 / 2)
print ("mode: x%y=", 6 % 2)
print ("power: x**y=", 6 ** 2)
print ("sqrt: sqrt(x)=", math.sqrt(6))
def string(self):
string = "morespeech"
print string # index [0, len]
print (string[0:]) # index [0, len)
print (string[2:]) # index [2,len)
print (string[2:6]) # index [2, 6)
print string * 2 # double print
print string + string # double print
# 列表：使用‘[]’，一种有序的集合，元素可变，可以随时添加和删除其中元素
def list(self):
L = list("morespeech") # create list
print '(0):', L
nElement = len(L)
print '(1):', nElement # number of elements in list
print '(2):', L[0] # access first element
print '(3):', L[-1] # access last element
L.insert(0, ' world') # insert element in special position
print '(4):', L
L.append(' hello') # append element
print '(5):', L
L.remove(' world') # remove first matching element
print '(6):', L
L.extend(L) # extend list; add a new list at the tail
print '(7):', L
L.reverse() # reverse elements
print '(8):', L
L.sort() # sort list
print '(9):', L
cnt = L.count('e') # cout the number of occurrences of the element
print '(10):', cnt
index = L.index('e') # get the first matching position of element
print '(11):', index
# 元组：使用‘()’，与列表类似，但元素不能修改
def tuple(self):
tup1 = ('more ', 'speech')
tup2 = (2, 0, 1, 7)
print '(0):', tup1[0] # access first element
print '(1):', tup1+tup2 # join the tuple
maxval = max(tup2) # get the max value in tuple
print '(2):', maxval
retval = cmp(tup1, tup1) # compare tup1 with tup2: retval=0, same; retval=1,diff
print '(3):', retval
nElem = len(tup1) # number of elements in tuple
print '(4):', nElem
new_tup = tuple([1, 2]) # list -> tuple
print '(5):', new_tup
print '(6):',
for elem in tup1: # traversal tuple
print elem,
# 字典：使用‘{}’, 是一种无序的对象组合，字典中的元素通过键来获取,j键和值一一对应
def dict(self):
dict1 = {'more': 1, 'speech': 2}
dict2 = {'2': 2}
print '(0):', dict1['speech'] # access element
dict1['hello'] = 4 # add a new element
print '(1):', dict1
del dict1['hello'] # delete element
print '(2):', dict1
retval = cmp(dict1, dict2) # compare dict1 with dict2: retval=0, same;1, dict1>dict2;-1, dict1<dict2
print '(3):', retval
nElem = len(dict1) # number of elements in dict
print '(4):', nElem
keys = dict1.keys() # get all the dict keys
print '(5):', keys
values = dict1.values() # get all the dict values
print '(6):', values
retval = 'more' in dict1 # check the key exists: exist, retval = true; or, retval = false
print '(7):', retval
value = dict1.get('more', None) # get the value correspond to key 'more'
print '(8):', value
dict1.update(dict2) # add dict2 to dict1
print '(9):', dict1
dict1.clear() # clear the dict
print '(10):', dict1
del dict1 # delete dict
# print dict1 # error, dict1 does not exist
# 集合: 建立无序的，'不重合'的元素
def set(self):
S1 = set(['more', 'speech', 1, 2, 3]) # create set using list
S2 = set(['more', 'speech', 'hello'])
print '(0):', S1
S1.add('hello') # add a new element
print '(1):', S1
S1.remove('hello') # remove a element
print '(2):', S1
S = S1 & S2 # intersection: S1 ∩ S2, get the common elements between S1 and S2
print '(3):', S
S = S1 | S2 # union: S1 ∪ S2
print '(4):', S
if __name__ == "__main__":
# cPythonDataType().number()
# cPythonDataType().string()
# cPythonDataType().list()
# cPythonDataType().tuple()
# cPythonDataType().dict()
cPythonDataType().set()
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