Linux分区主要是使用fdisk，格式化使用mkfs。
查看所有磁盘和分区： fdisk -l
操作某个磁盘
进入某个磁盘操作模式： fdisk /dev/sdb
输入m会出现命令类表，简洁而强大
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
输入p查看当前sd卡的分区(partition)信息
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 7948 MB, 7948206080 bytes
245 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1021 cylinders, total 15523840 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 * 2048 1048576 523264+ c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/sdb2 1048577 15523839 7237631+ 83 Linux
其中，需要记住的是他的容量7948206080 bytes之后会用到。
同时也留意他的heads和setcors/track
删除分区
输入d删除(delete)所有sd卡分区。因为有2个分区，需要删除2次
Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1-4): 1
Command (m for help): d
Selected partition 2
建立扇区
如果SD卡不是255 heads, 63 sectors/track，按照以下步骤建立扇区
输入x进入扩展命令列表
Command (m for help): x
Expert command (m for help):
输入n显示扩展命令列表
Command action
b move beginning of data in a partition
c change number of cylinders
d print the raw data in the partition table
e list extended partitions
f fix partition order
g create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
h change number of heads
i change the disk identifier
m print this menu
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
r return to main menu
s change number of sectors/track
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
输入h设置heads = 255
Expert command (m for help): h
Number of heads (1-256, default 245): 255
输入s设置sectors/track = 63
Expert command (m for help): s
Number of sectors (1-63, default 62): 63
输入c设置cylinder = 966
Expert command (m for help): c
Number of cylinders (1-1048576, default 1021): 966
cylinder计算方法
cylinder = SD卡容量(bytes) / heads / sectors / 512(bytes)
cylinder = 7948206080 / 255 /63 / 512 = 966.3 = 966
输入r返回(return)普通命令
Expert command (m for help): r
Command (m for help):
输入p再次查看当前sd卡的分区信息。
此时你会看到heads, sectors/track, cylinder都已经更新了
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 7948 MB, 7948206080 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 966 cylinders, total 15523840 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
建立分区
输入n新建(new)一个分区
输入p选择新建一个主分区
输入1创建分区1
输入分区1的‘First sector’和‘Last sector’
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-15523839, default 2048): 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-15523839, default 15523839):
Using default value 15523839
输入t改变分区系统ID，
一般windows的用，则输入分区类型码cFAT32， 而linux的为默认的分区类型码83EXT3
Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list codes): c
Changed system type of partition 1 to c (W95 FAT32 (LBA))
输入a激活分区的bootable标志
Command (m for help): a
Partition number (1-4): 1
输入w将建立完成对分区表写入sd卡，并退出
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: If you have created or modified any DOS 6.x partitions, please see the fdisk manual page for additional information.
Syncing disks.
格式化分区
windows的分区格式化命令(其中LABEL为卷标)
sudo mkfs.msdos -F32 /dev/sdb1 -n LABEl1
linux的分区格式化命令
sudo mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb2 -L LABEL2
完成
需要注意的是，有时需要在Windows再次格式化第一个引导分区LABEL1才能成功引导Linux。（不要使用快速格式化）
