android 上层如何控制GPIO

    xiaoxiao2021-12-02  16

    在嵌入式设备中对GPIO的操作是最基本的操作。一般的做法是写一个单独驱动程序,网上大多数的例子都是这样的。其实linux下面有一个通用的GPIO操作接口,那就是我要介绍的 “/sys/class/gpio” 方式。  首先,看看系统中有没有“/sys/class/gpio”这个文件夹。如果没有请在编译内核的时候加入   Device Drivers  —>  GPIO Support  —>     /sys/class/gpio/… (sysfs interface)。  /sys/class/gpio 的使用说明:  01 gpio_operation 通过/sys/文件接口操作IO端口 GPIO到文件系统的映射  02 * 控制GPIO的目录位于/sys/class/gpio  03 * /sys/class/gpio/export文件用于通知系统需要导出控制的GPIO引脚编号  04 * /sys/class/gpio/unexport 用于通知系统取消导出  05 * /sys/class/gpio/gpiochipX目录保存系统中GPIO寄存器的信息,包括每个寄存器控制引脚的起始编号        base,寄存器名称,引脚总数 导出一个引脚的操作步骤  06 * 首先计算此引脚编号,引脚编号 = 控制引脚的寄存器基数 + 控制引脚寄存器位数  07 * 向/sys/class/gpio/export写入此编号,比如12号引脚,在shell中可以通过以下命令实现,  echo 12 > /sys/class/gpio/export    命令成功后生成/sys/class/gpio/gpio12目录,如果没有出现相应的目录,说明此引脚不可导出:  08    09 * direction文件,定义输入输入方向,可以通过下面命令定义为输出  10   echo out > /sys/class/gpio/gpio12/direction  11 * direction接受的参数:in, out, high, low。high/low同时设置方向为输出,      并将value设置为相应的1/0。  12 * value文件是端口的数值,为1或0.  13   echo 1 >/sys/class/gpio/gpio12/value  下面在2440下进行一下测试  1.取得GPIO信息,在终端中敲入以下命令  1 $ cd /sys/class/gpio  2 $ for i in gpiochip* ; do echo `cat $i/label`: `cat $i/base` ; done  终端中显示如下  1 GPIOA: 0  2 GPIOE: 128  3 GPIOF: 160  4 GPIOG: 192  5 GPIOH: 224  6 GPIOB: 32  7 GPIOC: 64  8 GPIOD: 96  2.计算GPIO号码  我们把GPE11用来控制LED。  GPE0的头是128,GPE11 就是128+11 = 139.  1 $ echo 139 > /sys/class/gpio/export  ls 一下看看有没有 gpio139 这个目录  3.GPIO控制测试。  控制LED所以是输出。  所以我们应该执行  1 $ echo out > /sys/class/gpio/gpio139/direction  之后就可以进行输出设置了。  1 $ echo 1 > /sys/class/gpio/gpio139/value

    在使用某个GPIO之前首先的保证此GPIO没有正在被使用,否则是无法操作的;

    如NAND模块的NCE3/PC18,此io口正被使用,在导入echo 74 > /sys/class/gpio/export时没问题,但是设置方向是无权操作,如图:

    下面是我写的DEMO,单独操作GPIO和控制LED操作的代码。之前想用C部分来操作,然后通过JNI把方法暴露给上层,但是貌似C本地代码没有权限,但是在Java部分却可以操作。

    LED电路部分控制IO为NCE5/SPI2_CLK/PC20;

    GPIO.java

    ============================GPIO.java=================================

    package com.test.gpio;

    import java.io.DataOutputStream;

    import java.io.IOException;

    public class GPIO {

    /**

     * @param args

     */

    private static int num, gpio_number;

    private static String gpio_num = null;

    private static String exportPath;

    private static String directionPath;

    private static String valuePath;

    static Process process = null;

    static DataOutputStream dos = null;

    public static int gpio_crtl(String gpio, String direction, int level){

    if(gpio.length() != 4){

    System.out.println("input gpio error!");

    return 0;

    };

    gpio_num = gpio.substring(2, 4); //从String gpio(如PC20)中提取出String 20;      

    num = Integer.parseInt(gpio_num);//将String 20转化为int 20;

    System.out.println("num:"+num+"\n");

    if((gpio.indexOf("pa") >= 0) || (gpio.indexOf("PA") >= 0)){

    gpio_number = num;

    }else if((gpio.indexOf("pb") >= 0) || (gpio.indexOf("PB") >= 0)){

    gpio_number = num + 24; 

    }else if((gpio.indexOf("pc") >= 0) || (gpio.indexOf("PC") >= 0)){

    gpio_number = num + 54; 

    }else if((gpio.indexOf("pd") >= 0) || (gpio.indexOf("PD") >= 0)){

    gpio_number = num + 85; 

    }else if((gpio.indexOf("pe") >= 0) || (gpio.indexOf("PE") >= 0)){

    gpio_number = num + 119; 

    }else if((gpio.indexOf("pf") >= 0) || (gpio.indexOf("PF") >= 0)){

    gpio_number = num + 137; 

    }else if((gpio.indexOf("pg") >= 0) || (gpio.indexOf("PG") >= 0)){

    gpio_number = num + 149; 

    }else if((gpio.indexOf("ph") >= 0) || (gpio.indexOf("PH") >= 0)){

    gpio_number = num + 167; 

    }else if((gpio.indexOf("pi") >= 0) || (gpio.indexOf("PI") >= 0)){

    gpio_number = num + 201; 

    }

    exportPath = "echo " + gpio_number + " > /sys/class/gpio/export";

    directionPath = "echo out > " + " /sys/class/gpio/gpio" + gpio_number + "/direction";

    valuePath ="echo " + level + " > /sys/class/gpio/gpio" + gpio_number + "/value";

    System.out.printf(exportPath + "\n" + directionPath + "\n" + valuePath + "\n");

    try {

    process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("su");

    dos = new DataOutputStream(process.getOutputStream());

    dos.writeBytes(exportPath+"\n");

    dos.flush();

    dos.writeBytes(directionPath+"\n");

    dos.flush();

    dos.writeBytes(valuePath +"\n");

    dos.flush();

    dos.close();

    } catch (IOException e1) {

    // TODO Auto-generated catch block

    e1.printStackTrace();

    }

    return 0;

    }

    }

    ==========================GPIO.Java end===============================

    LED.java

    ============================LED.java=================================

    package com.test.gpio;

    import java.io.DataOutputStream;

    import java.io.IOException;

    public class LED {

    static Process process = null;

    public static void setLed(){

    DataOutputStream dos = null;

    try {

    process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("su");

    dos = new DataOutputStream(process.getOutputStream());

    dos.writeBytes("echo 74 > /sys/class/gpio/export"+"\n");

    dos.flush();

    //设置引脚功能为输出

    dos.writeBytes("echo out > /sys/class/gpio/gpio74/direction"+"\n");

    dos.flush();

    dos.close();

    System.out.println("echo 74 > /sys/class/gpio/export"+"echo out > /sys/class/gpio/gpio74/direction");

    } catch (IOException e) {

    // TODO Auto-generated catch block

    e.printStackTrace();

    }

    }

    public static void cmdLedOff() {

    // TODO Auto-generated method stub

    DataOutputStream dos = null;

    try {

    process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("su");

    dos = new DataOutputStream(process.getOutputStream());

    dos.writeBytes("echo 0 > /sys/class/gpio/gpio74/value"+"\n");

    dos.flush();

    dos.close();

    System.out.println("echo 0 > /sys/class/gpio/gpio74/value");

    } catch (IOException e) {

    // TODO Auto-generated catch block

    e.printStackTrace();

    }

    }

    public static void cmdLedOn() {

    // TODO Auto-generated method stub

    DataOutputStream dos = null;

    try {

    process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("su");

    dos = new DataOutputStream(process.getOutputStream());

    dos.writeBytes("echo 1 > /sys/class/gpio/gpio74/value"+"\n");

    dos.flush();

    dos.close();

    System.out.println("echo 1 > /sys/class/gpio/gpio74/value");

    } catch (IOException e) {

    // TODO Auto-generated catch block

    e.printStackTrace();

    }

    }

    public static void ledFlash() {

    // TODO Auto-generated method stub

    while (true) {

    cmdLedOn();

    try {

    Thread.sleep(500);

    } catch (InterruptedException e) {

    // TODO Auto-generated catch block

    e.printStackTrace();

    }

    cmdLedOff();

    try {

    Thread.sleep(500);

    } catch (InterruptedException e) {

    // TODO Auto-generated catch block

    e.printStackTrace();

    }

    }

    }

    }

    ==============================LED.java  end=============================

    MainActivity.java

    ==============================MainActivity.java===========================

    package com.test.gpio;

    import Android.os.Bundle;

    import android.app.Activity;

    import android.view.View;

    import android.widget.Button;

    import android.widget.TextView;

    public  class MainActivity extends Activity implements View.OnClickListener{

    TextView gpio_name;

    TextView direction;

    TextView  value;

    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

    gpio_name = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.editText1);

    direction = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.editText2);

    value = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.editText3);

    Button set = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button1);

    Button led_on = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button2);

    Button led_off = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button3);

    Button led_flash = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button4);

    LED.setLed();

    set.setOnClickListener(this);

    led_on.setOnClickListener(this);

    led_off.setOnClickListener(this);

    led_flash.setOnClickListener(this);

    }

    public void onClick(View v) {

    switch(v.getId()){

    case R.id.button1:

    // TODO Auto-generated method stub

    System.out.println("gpio crtl");

    String gp = gpio_name.getText().toString();

    String dir = direction.getText().toString();

    int val = Integer.valueOf(value.getText().toString());

    GPIO.gpio_crtl(gp, dir, val);

    break;

    case R.id.button2:

    System.out.println("led on");

    LED.cmdLedOn();

    break;

    case R.id.button3:

    System.out.println("led off");

    LED.cmdLedOff();

    break;

    case R.id.button4:

    System.out.println("led flash");

    LED.ledFlash();

    break;

    default:

    System.out.println("no opreate!");

    break;

    }

    }

    }

    =============================MainActivity.java end==========================

    附C实现的操作gpio_crtl,但无法实现。请大神指点,为什么没权限。即使已经remount的系统仍无法操作:

    ===================================gpio_crtl============================

    /*******gpio******

    * <for i in gpiochip* ; do echo `cat $i/label`: `cat $i/base` ; done>

    * Allwinner A20 PAD

    * Vstarcam wangjian 2014.07.10

    * GPA: 0

    * GPE: 119

    * GPF: 137

    * GPG: 149

    * GPH: 167

    * GPI: 201

    * axp_pin: 229

    * GPB: 24

    * GPC: 54

    * GPD: 85

    *******************/

    #include<stdlib.h>

    #include <ctype.h>

    #include <stdio.h>

    #include <errno.h>

    int gpio_crtl(char *gpio, char *direction, int level)

    {

    int num, gpio_number, status;

    char *gp, *name = NULL;

    char *exportPath = NULL;

    char *directionPath = NULL;

    char *valuePath = NULL;

    char *gpio_str = NULL;

    if(gpio == NULL || direction == NULL)

    return -1;

    if(strncpy(gp, gpio, 2) == NULL)//从输入字符串GPIO(如PC20)中提取出字符串“PC”

    return -1;

    if(strncpy(name, const gpio[2], 2) == NULL)//从输入字符串GPIO(如PC20)中提取出字符串“20”

    return -1;

    gpio_number = atoi(name);//将字符串“20”转化为整数型

    switch(gp){

    case ("PA" || "pa"):

    num = gpio_number;

    break;

    case ("PB" || "pb"):

    num = gpio_number + 24;

    break;

    case ("PC" || "pc"):

    num = gpio_number + 54;

    break;

    case ("PD" || "pd"):

    num = gpio_number + 85;

    break;

    case ("PE" || "pe"):

    num = gpio_number + 119;

    break;

    case ("PF" || "pf"):

    num = gpio_number + 137;

    break;

    case ("PG" || "pg"):

    num = gpio_number + 149;

    break;

    case ("PH" || "ph"):

    num = gpio_number + 167;

    break;

    case ("PI" || "pi"):

    num = gpio_number + 201;

    break;

    default:

    return -1;

    }

    itoa(num, gpio_str, 10);

      sprintf(exportPath, "echo %d > /sys/class/gpio/export ", num);

      status = system(exportPath);

      if(status == -1)

      return -1;

      if (!WIFEXITED(status)){//子进程的状态检测

      printf("exportPath exit illegal![%d]/n", errno) ;

      return -1;

      }

      sprintf(directionPath, "echo %s > /sys/class/gpio/%s/direction",direction ,strcat("gpio",gpio_str));

      status = system(directionPath);

      if(status == -1)

      return -1;

      if (!WIFEXITED(status)){

      printf("directionPath exit illegal![%d]/n", errno) ;

      return -1;

      }

      sprintf(valuePath, "echo %d > /sys/class/gpio/%s/value",level ,strcat("gpio",gpio_str));

      status = system(valuePath);

      if(status == -1)

      return -1;

      if (!WIFEXITED(status)){

      printf("valuePath exit illegal![%d]/n", errno) ;

      return -1;

      }

    }

    =======================================================

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