最近在学习Maven，把一个开源的项目改成maven管理，期间使用到了多项目，从网上查阅了一些资料，主要参考的是http://kyfxbl.iteye.com/blog/1680045，在此把自己的一些心得体会写出来，供大家学习交流。
关于maven的安装，在此就不进行阐述，请参考网上其他教程。
本实例由4个项目组成，其中，aggregator是父工程，同时承担聚合模块和父模块的作用，没有实际代码和资源文件；open-plagform-common是公共的java工程；open-platfor-web是公共的web文件，主要包括css、js等；open-bug-m是最终要发布的应用，形成war包。
一、建立一个Maven工程：aggregator
/aggregator
/src/main/java
/src/test/java
pom.xml
此工程主要是父模块，聚合其他工程，没有实际代码和资源文件，最主要的是pom.xml文件，其主要内容如下：
Xml代码 <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>cn.jess.platform</groupId> <artifactId>aggregator</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <!-- 因为是父工程 ，因此此处的packaging必须为pom --> <packaging>pom</packaging> <name>aggregator</name> <modules> <module>../open-platform-common</module> <module>../open-platform-web</module> <module>../open-bug-m</module> </modules> <!-- 配置部署的远程仓库 --> <distributionManagement> <snapshotRepository> <id>nexus-snapshots</id> <name>nexus distribution snapshot repository</name> <url>http://127.0.0.1:8081/nexus/content/repositories/snapshots/</url> </snapshotRepository> </distributionManagement> <build> <pluginManagement> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.6</version> <configuration> <encoding>UTF-8</encoding> </configuration> </plugin> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.5.1</version> <configuration> <encoding>UTF-8</encoding> <source>1.6</source> <target>1.6</target> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </pluginManagement> </build> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>com.sun</groupId> <artifactId>tools</artifactId> <version>1.6.0</version> <scope>system</scope> <systemPath>${env.JAVA_HOME}/lib/tools.jar</systemPath> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>cn.jess.platform</groupId> <artifactId>aggregator</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <!-- 因为是父工程 ，因此此处的packaging必须为pom --> <packaging>pom</packaging> <name>aggregator</name> <modules> <module>../open-platform-common</module> <module>../open-platform-web</module> <module>../open-bug-m</module> </modules> <!-- 配置部署的远程仓库 --> <distributionManagement> <snapshotRepository> <id>nexus-snapshots</id> <name>nexus distribution snapshot repository</name> <url>http://127.0.0.1:8081/nexus/content/repositories/snapshots/</url> </snapshotRepository> </distributionManagement> <build> <pluginManagement> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.6</version> <configuration> <encoding>UTF-8</encoding> </configuration> </plugin> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.5.1</version> <configuration> <encoding>UTF-8</encoding> <source>1.6</source> <target>1.6</target> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </pluginManagement> </build> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>com.sun</groupId> <artifactId>tools</artifactId> <version>1.6.0</version> <scope>system</scope> <systemPath>${env.JAVA_HOME}/lib/tools.jar</systemPath> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement>二、建立一个Maven工程：open-platform-common
此工程主要是项目中使用到的公共java类库，pom文件主要内容如下：
Xml代码 <!-- 由于存在parent工程，因此groupId和version可以省略，直接使用parent工程--> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <artifactId>open-platform-common</artifactId> <!-- 因为此工程要发布到webapp的lib目录下，因此为jar(不知道这样解释对否？) --> <packaging>jar</packaging> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> </properties> <!-- 指定Maven仓库 --> <repositories> <!-- my的maven仓库 --> <repository> <id>myRepository</id> <name>local private nexus</name> <url>http://127.0.0.1:8081/nexus/content/groups/public/</url> <releases> <enabled>true</enabled> </releases> <snapshots> <enabled>true</enabled> </snapshots> </repository> </repositories> <!-- 指定maven plugin仓库 --> <pluginRepositories> <!-- oschina的maven plugin仓库 --> <pluginRepository> <id>myPluginRepository</id> <name>local private nexus</name> <url>http://127.0.0.1:8081/nexus/content/groups/public/</url> <releases> <enabled>true</enabled> </releases> <snapshots> <enabled>false</enabled> </snapshots> </pluginRepository> </pluginRepositories> <dependencies> <!-- 此处的类库根据自己的需要进行添加 --> </dependencies> <!-- 用来指定父工程--> <parent> <groupId>cn.jess.platform</groupId> <artifactId>aggregator</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <relativePath>../aggregator</relativePath> </parent> <!-- 由于存在parent工程，因此groupId和version可以省略，直接使用parent工程--> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <artifactId>open-platform-common</artifactId> <!-- 因为此工程要发布到webapp的lib目录下，因此为jar(不知道这样解释对否？) --> <packaging>jar</packaging> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> </properties> <!-- 指定Maven仓库 --> <repositories> <!-- my的maven仓库 --> <repository> <id>myRepository</id> <name>local private nexus</name> <url>http://127.0.0.1:8081/nexus/content/groups/public/</url> <releases> <enabled>true</enabled> </releases> <snapshots> <enabled>true</enabled> </snapshots> </repository> </repositories> <!-- 指定maven plugin仓库 --> <pluginRepositories> <!-- oschina的maven plugin仓库 --> <pluginRepository> <id>myPluginRepository</id> <name>local private nexus</name> <url>http://127.0.0.1:8081/nexus/content/groups/public/</url> <releases> <enabled>true</enabled> </releases> <snapshots> <enabled>false</enabled> </snapshots> </pluginRepository> </pluginRepositories> <dependencies> <!-- 此处的类库根据自己的需要进行添加 --> </dependencies> <!-- 用来指定父工程--> <parent> <groupId>cn.jess.platform</groupId> <artifactId>aggregator</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <relativePath>../aggregator</relativePath> </parent>
三、建立一个Maven工程：open-platform-web
此工程主要是项目中使用到的公共web文件，pom文件主要内容如下：
Xml代码 <!-- 由于存在parent工程，因此groupId和version可以省略，直接使用parent工程--> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <artifactId>open-platform-web</artifactId> <!-- 因为此工程要发布到webapp应用的根目录下，因此为war(不知道这样解释对否？) --> <packaging>war<ng> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> </properties> <!-- 指定Maven仓库 --> <repositories> <!-- my的maven仓库 --> <repository> <id>myRepository</id> <name>local private nexus</name> <url>http://127.0.0.1:8081/nexus/content/groups/public/</url> <releases> <enabled>true</enabled> </releases> <snapshots> <enabled>true</enabled> </snapshots> </repository> </repositories> <!-- 指定maven plugin仓库 --> <pluginRepositories> <!-- oschina的maven plugin仓库 --> <pluginRepository> <id>myPluginRepository</id> <name>local private nexus</name> <url>http://127.0.0.1:8081/nexus/content/groups/public/</url> <releases> <enabled>true</enabled> </releases> <snapshots> <enabled>false</enabled> </snapshots> </pluginRepository> </pluginRepositories> <parent> <groupId>cn.jess.platform</groupId> <artifactId>aggregator</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <relativePath>../aggregator</relativePath> </parent> </project> <!-- 由于存在parent工程，因此groupId和version可以省略，直接使用parent工程--> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <artifactId>open-platform-web</artifactId> <!-- 因为此工程要发布到webapp应用的根目录下，因此为war(不知道这样解释对否？) --> <packaging>war<ng> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> </properties> <!-- 指定Maven仓库 --> <repositories> <!-- my的maven仓库 --> <repository> <id>myRepository</id> <name>local private nexus</name> <url>http://127.0.0.1:8081/nexus/content/groups/public/</url> <releases> <enabled>true</enabled> </releases> <snapshots> <enabled>true</enabled> </snapshots> </repository> </repositories> <!-- 指定maven plugin仓库 --> <pluginRepositories> <!-- oschina的maven plugin仓库 --> <pluginRepository> <id>myPluginRepository</id> <name>local private nexus</name> <url>http://127.0.0.1:8081/nexus/content/groups/public/</url> <releases> <enabled>true</enabled> </releases> <snapshots> <enabled>false</enabled> </snapshots> </pluginRepository> </pluginRepositories> <parent> <groupId>cn.jess.platform</groupId> <artifactId>aggregator</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <relativePath>../aggregator</relativePath> </parent> </project>
注意：此工程的WEB-INF目录下必须包含web.xml文件，否则在执行mvn时会报错
四、建立一个Maven工程：open-bug-m：
此工程是最终要发布的应用，其依赖于open-platform-common和open-platform-web，因此在pom文件中要加入这两个工程的依赖，pom文件内容如下所示：
Xml代码 <groupId>open-bug-m</groupId> <artifactId>open-bug-m</artifactId> <packaging>war</packaging> <name/> <description/> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> </properties> <parent> <groupId>cn.jess.platform</groupId> <artifactId>aggregator</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <relativePath>../aggregator</relativePath> </parent> <!-- 指定Maven仓库 --> <repositories> <!-- my的maven仓库 --> <repository> <id>myRepository</id> <name>local private nexus</name> <url>http://127.0.0.1:8081/nexus/content/groups/public/</url> <releases> <enabled>true</enabled> </releases> <snapshots> <enabled>true</enabled> </snapshots> </repository> </repositories> <!-- 指定maven plugin仓库 --> <pluginRepositories> <!-- oschina的maven plugin仓库 --> <pluginRepository> <id>myPluginRepository</id> <name>local private nexus</name> <url>http://127.0.0.1:8081/nexus/content/groups/public/</url> <releases> <enabled>true</enabled> </releases> <snapshots> <enabled>false</enabled> </snapshots> </pluginRepository> </pluginRepositories> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>cn.jess.platform</groupId> <artifactId>open-platform-common</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <type>jar</type> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>cn.jess.platform</groupId> <artifactId>open-platform-web</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <type>war</type> </dependency> <!-- 此处的类库根据自己的需要进行添加 --> </dependencies> <build> <finalName>open-bug</finalName> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.3</version> <configuration> <packagingExcludes>WEB-INF/web.xml</packagingExcludes> <overlays> <overlay> <groupId>cn.jess.platform</groupId> <artifactId>open-platform-web</artifactId> </overlay> </overlays> </configuration> </plugin> <plugin> <groupId>org.codehaus.cargo</groupId> <artifactId>cargo-maven2-plugin</artifactId> <version>1.2.3</version> <configuration> <container> <containerId>tomcat7x</containerId> <home>F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.42(x64)</home> </container> <configuration> <type>existing</type> <home>F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.42(x64)</home> <properties> <cargo.jvmargs> -Xdebug -Xrunjdwp:transport=dt_socket,server=y,suspend=n,address=8787 </cargo.jvmargs> </properties> </configuration> </configuration> <executions> <execution> <id>cargo-run</id> <phase>pre-integration-test</phase> <goals> <goal>run</goal> </goals> </execution> </executions> </plugin> </plugins> </build> <groupId>open-bug-m</groupId> <artifactId>open-bug-m</artifactId> <packaging>war</packaging> <name/> <description/> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> </properties> <parent> <groupId>cn.jess.platform</groupId> <artifactId>aggregator</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <relativePath>../aggregator</relativePath> </parent> <!-- 指定Maven仓库 --> <repositories> <!-- my的maven仓库 --> <repository> <id>myRepository</id> <name>local private nexus</name> <url>http://127.0.0.1:8081/nexus/content/groups/public/</url> <releases> <enabled>true</enabled> </releases> <snapshots> <enabled>true</enabled> </snapshots> </repository> </repositories> <!-- 指定maven plugin仓库 --> <pluginRepositories> <!-- oschina的maven plugin仓库 --> <pluginRepository> <id>myPluginRepository</id> <name>local private nexus</name> <url>http://127.0.0.1:8081/nexus/content/groups/public/</url> <releases> <enabled>true</enabled> </releases> <snapshots> <enabled>false</enabled> </snapshots> </pluginRepository> </pluginRepositories> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>cn.jess.platform</groupId> <artifactId>open-platform-common</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <type>jar</type> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>cn.jess.platform</groupId> <artifactId>open-platform-web</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <type>war</type> </dependency> <!-- 此处的类库根据自己的需要进行添加 --> </dependencies> <build> <finalName>open-bug</finalName> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.3</version> <configuration> <packagingExcludes>WEB-INF/web.xml</packagingExcludes> <overlays> <overlay> <groupId>cn.jess.platform</groupId> <artifactId>open-platform-web</artifactId> </overlay> </overlays> </configuration> </plugin> <plugin> <groupId>org.codehaus.cargo</groupId> <artifactId>cargo-maven2-plugin</artifactId> <version>1.2.3</version> <configuration> <container> <containerId>tomcat7x</containerId> <home>F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.42(x64)</home> </container> <configuration> <type>existing</type> <home>F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.42(x64)</home> <properties> <cargo.jvmargs> -Xdebug -Xrunjdwp:transport=dt_socket,server=y,suspend=n,address=8787 </cargo.jvmargs> </properties> </configuration> </configuration> <executions> <execution> <id>cargo-run</id> <phase>pre-integration-test</phase> <goals> <goal>run</goal> </goals> </execution> </executions> </plugin> </plugins> </build>
关于maven-war-plugin和cargo-maven2-plugin的使用方法请参考网上其他使用教程。
所有上述四个工程准备就绪后，执行mvn install就可对工程项目进行部署。
现在存在的一个问题主要是：
如果把open-platform-common和open-platform-web工程合并为一个，则在open-bug-m不知道如何去引用它？
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