使用Axis编写WebService比较简单，就我的理解，WebService的实现代码和编写Java代码其实没有什么区别，主要是将哪些Java类发布为WebService。下面是一个从编写测试例子到发布WebService，以及编写测试代码的过程介绍。
本例子的WebService提供了两个方法，分别是sayHello和sayHelloToPerson，第一个只是返回一个"Hello"字符串，没有参数，第二个函数接受一个字符串作为参数，返回"Hello 参数值"，该例子比较简单，但是清楚的说明了从编写代码到发布为WebService以及测试编写好的WebService全过程。
服务代码提供了两个函数，分别为sayHello和sayHelloToPerson，源代码如下：
Java代码 /* * File name: HelloService.java * * Version: v1.0 * * Created on Aug 2, 2008 9:40:20 AM * * Designed by Stephen * * (c)Copyright 2008 */ package com.sinosoft.webservice; /** *//** * @author Stephen * * Test web service */ public class HelloService { /** *//** * 不带参数的函数 * * @return 返回Hello字符串 */ public String sayHello() { return "Hello"; } /** *//** * 带参数的函数 * * @param name * 名称 * @return 返回加上名称的欢迎词 */ public String sayHelloToPerson(String name) { if (name == null || name.equals("")) { name = "nobody"; } return "Hello " + name; } }
发布WebService
要将上边写的HelloService类发布为WebService，需要先搭建Web应用。下面是在Tomcat下使用Axis（http://ws.apache.org/axis/）创建WebService服务的例子。
在该例子中，在Tomcat下创建了一个context path为ws的WEB应用。
1. 在myeclipse中创建WebServiceTest的webproject
2. 在WEB-INF文件夹下web.xml文件，该文件的内容如下：
Xml代码 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN" "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd"> <web-app> <display-name>Apache-Axis</display-name> <listener> <listener-class>org.apache.axis.transport.http.AxisHTTPSessionListener</listener-class> </listener> <servlet> <servlet-name>AxisServlet</servlet-name> <display-name>Apache-Axis Servlet</display-name> <servlet-class> org.apache.axis.transport.http.AxisServlet </servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet> <servlet-name>AdminServlet</servlet-name> <display-name>Axis Admin Servlet</display-name> <servlet-class> org.apache.axis.transport.http.AdminServlet </servlet-class> <load-on-startup>100</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet> <servlet-name>SOAPMonitorService</servlet-name> <display-name>SOAPMonitorService</display-name> <servlet-class> org.apache.axis.monitor.SOAPMonitorService </servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>SOAPMonitorPort</param-name> <param-value>5001</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>100</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>AxisServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/servlet/AxisServlet</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>AxisServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.jws</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>AxisServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/services/*</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>SOAPMonitorService</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/SOAPMonitor</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <!-- uncomment this if you want the admin servlet --> <!-- <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>AdminServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/servlet/AdminServlet</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> --> <session-config> <!-- Default to 5 minute session timeouts --> <session-timeout>5</session-timeout> </session-config> <!-- currently the W3C havent settled on a media type for WSDL; http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/WD-wsdl12-20030303/#ietf-draft for now we go with the basic 'it's XML' response --> <mime-mapping> <extension>wsdl</extension> <mime-type>text/xml</mime-type> </mime-mapping> <mime-mapping> <extension>xsd</extension> <mime-type>text/xml</mime-type> </mime-mapping> <welcome-file-list id="WelcomeFileList"> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file> <welcome-file>index.jws</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app>
在上面的web.xml中主要是配置了axis的相关配置。
在上述的web.xml文件中已经对axis进行了配置，但是还需要进行额外的配置。
复制axis相关的jar文件
将axis的相关jar文件复制到WEB-INF\lib文件夹下。这些文件包括：
activation.jar axis.jar axis-ant.jar commons-discovery-0.2.jar commons-logging-1.0.4.jar jaxrpc.jar log4j-1.2.8.jar saaj.jar wsdl4j-1.5.1.jar
测试发布的Web应用
启动Tomcat服务，打开IE浏览器，访问地址http://127.0.0.1:8080/WebServiceTest/services，如果看到如下界面就说明AXIS部署成功了。
发布WebService需要使用现有的AdminService来实现，这里我写了一个批处理文件来发布WebService，以后如果需要发布其他文件，只需要修改相应的参数就可以了。
文件deploy.wsdd内容如下所示：
Xml代码 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <deployment xmlns="http://xml.apache.org/axis/wsdd/" xmlns:java="http://xml.apache.org/axis/wsdd/providers/java"> <service name="HelloServices" provider="java:RPC"> <parameter name="className" value="com.sinosoft.webservice.HelloService"/> <parameter name="allowedMethods" value="*"/> </service> </deployment>
创建发布WebService服务的批处理文件
批处理文件deploywebservice.bat内容如下：
Xml代码 java -cp axis-ant.jar;axis-schema.jar;axis.jar;commons-discovery-0.2.jar;commons-logging-1.0.4.jar;jaxrpc.jar;log4j-1.2.8.jar;saaj.jar;wsdl4j-1.5.1.jar;xmlsec-1.3.0.jar org.apache.axis.client.AdminClient -lhttp://localhost:8080/WebServiceTest/services/AdminService deploy.wsdd pause
其中上面的jar包我都拷到和bat文件在同一个目录，现在将所有的jar文件都加入到classpath中进行执行。
-l后的参数是本地要发布WebService的AdminService对应的访问地址。
最后deploy.wsdd是对应的配置文件名称。
将deploy.wsdd文件和deploywebservice.bat文件复制到同一个文件夹下，执行deploywebservice.bat批处理文件，就可以将deploy.wsdd中描述的Java类发布为WebService。发布完成之后在访问http://host:port/ws/services如下图所示：
从上图可以看出，发布成功后，多了一个HelloServices的服务。这样就说明HelloService发布成功了。
访问http://127.0.0.1:8080/WebServiceTest/services/HelloServices?wsdl可以看到如下wsdl的内容：
Xml代码 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <wsdl:definitions targetNamespace="http://127.0.0.1:8080/WebServiceTest/services/HelloServices" xmlns:apachesoap="http://xml.apache.org/xml-soap" xmlns:impl="http://127.0.0.1:8080/WebServiceTest/services/HelloServices" xmlns:intf="http://127.0.0.1:8080/WebServiceTest/services/HelloServices" xmlns:soapenc="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsdlsoap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap/" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"> <!--WSDL created by Apache Axis version: 1.4 Built on Apr 22, 2006 (06:55:48 PDT)--> <wsdl:message name="sayHelloToPersonRequest"> <wsdl:part name="name" type="soapenc:string"/> </wsdl:message> <wsdl:message name="sayHelloRequest"> </wsdl:message> <wsdl:message name="sayHelloToPersonResponse"> <wsdl:part name="sayHelloToPersonReturn" type="soapenc:string"/> </wsdl:message> <wsdl:message name="sayHelloResponse"> <wsdl:part name="sayHelloReturn" type="soapenc:string"/> </wsdl:message> <wsdl:portType name="HelloService"> <wsdl:operation name="sayHello"> <wsdl:input message="impl:sayHelloRequest" name="sayHelloRequest"/> <wsdl:output message="impl:sayHelloResponse" name="sayHelloResponse"/> </wsdl:operation> <wsdl:operation name="sayHelloToPerson" parameterOrder="name"> <wsdl:input message="impl:sayHelloToPersonRequest" name="sayHelloToPersonRequest"/> <wsdl:output message="impl:sayHelloToPersonResponse" name="sayHelloToPersonResponse"/> </wsdl:operation> </wsdl:portType> <wsdl:binding name="HelloServicesSoapBinding" type="impl:HelloService"> <wsdlsoap:binding style="rpc" transport="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/http"/> <wsdl:operation name="sayHello"> <wsdlsoap:operation soapAction=""/> <wsdl:input name="sayHelloRequest"> <wsdlsoap:body encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" namespace="http://webservice.sinosoft.com" use="encoded"/> </wsdl:input> <wsdl:output name="sayHelloResponse"> <wsdlsoap:body encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" namespace="http://127.0.0.1:8080/WebServiceTest/services/HelloServices" use="encoded"/> </wsdl:output> </wsdl:operation> <wsdl:operation name="sayHelloToPerson"> <wsdlsoap:operation soapAction=""/> <wsdl:input name="sayHelloToPersonRequest"> <wsdlsoap:body encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" namespace="http://webservice.sinosoft.com" use="encoded"/> </wsdl:input> <wsdl:output name="sayHelloToPersonResponse"> <wsdlsoap:body encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" namespace="http://127.0.0.1:8080/WebServiceTest/services/HelloServices" use="encoded"/> </wsdl:output> </wsdl:operation> </wsdl:binding> <wsdl:service name="HelloServiceService"> <wsdl:port binding="impl:HelloServicesSoapBinding" name="HelloServices"> <wsdlsoap:address location="http://127.0.0.1:8080/WebServiceTest/services/HelloServices"/> </wsdl:port> </wsdl:service> </wsdl:definitions>
下面是用Java调用刚发布的WebService例子。
Java代码 /* * File name: TestHelloService.java * * Version: v1.0 * * Created on Aug 2, 2008 9:54:10 AM * * Designed by Stephen * * (c)Copyright 2008 */ package test.com.sinosoft.webservice; import java.io.IOException; import java.net.MalformedURLException; import javax.xml.namespace.QName; import javax.xml.rpc.ServiceException; import org.apache.axis.client.Call; import org.apache.axis.client.Service; import org.apache.commons.logging.Log; import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory; /** * @author Stephen * * 测试调用WebService */ public class TestHelloService { private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(TestHelloService.class); private static final String HELLO_SERVICE_ENDPOINT = "http://127.0.0.1:8080/WebServiceTest/services/HelloServices?wsdl"; public static void main(String[] args) { TestHelloService tester = new TestHelloService(); // tester.callSayHello(); tester.callSayHelloToPerson(); } public void callSayHello() { try { Service service = new Service(); Call call = (Call) service.createCall(); call.setTargetEndpointAddress(new java.net.URL( HELLO_SERVICE_ENDPOINT)); //下面名字查询的http://127.0.0.1:8080/WebServiceTest/services/HelloServices?wsdl文件里有 call.setOperationName(new QName("http://webservice.sinosoft.com/", "sayHello")); call.setReturnType(org.apache.axis.Constants.XSD_STRING); try { //远程调用发布的方法 String ret = (String) call.invoke(new Object[] {}); System.out.println("The return value is:" + ret); return; } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } catch (MalformedURLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (ServiceException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } log.error("call sayHello service error!"); } public void callSayHelloToPerson() { try { Service service = new Service(); Call call = (Call) service.createCall(); call.setTargetEndpointAddress(new java.net.URL(HELLO_SERVICE_ENDPOINT)); call.setOperationName(new QName("http://webservice.sinosoft.com/", "sayHelloToPerson")); call.addParameter("name", org.apache.axis.Constants.XSD_STRING, javax.xml.rpc.ParameterMode.IN); call.setReturnType(org.apache.axis.Constants.XSD_STRING); try { String ret = (String) call.invoke(new Object[] { "Stephen" }); System.out.println("The return value is:" + ret); return; } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } catch (MalformedURLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (ServiceException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } log.error("call sayHello service error!"); } } 二、直接使用WEBSERVICE的一个例子
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使用Eclipse生成一个WebService应用
1、创建一个Dynamic web project
2、创建一个对外提供服务的类。比如：
package com.guorui.services;
public class CalculateService {
/** *//**
* 加法运算
* @param x 被加数
* @param y 加数
* @return x与y的和
*/
public float plus(float x, float y){
return x + y ;
}
/** *//**
* 减法运算
* @param x 被减数
* @param y 减数
* @return x与y之差
*/
public float minus(float x, float y){
return x - y ;
}
/** *//**
* 乘法运算
* @param x 被乘数
* @param y 乘数
* @return x与y的乘积
*/
public float multiply(float x, float y){
return x * y ;
}
/** *//**
* 除法运算
* @param x 被除数
* @param y 除数
* @return x与y的商
*/
public float divide(float x, float y){
return x / y ;
}
}
3、创建一个webservice应用
4、next to finish
5、调用方式
CalculateServiceProxy csp = new CalculateServiceProxy("http://localhost:8080/wstest/services/CalculateService");
try {
System.out.println(csp.plus(100, 23));
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO: handle exception
}
