一、简介
1、NRPE介绍
NRPE是Nagios的一个功能扩展,它可在远程Linux/Unix主机上执行插件程序。通过在远程服务器上安装NRPE插件及Nagios插件程序来向Nagios监控平台提供该服务器的本地情况,如CPU负载,内存使用,磁盘使用等。这里将Nagios监控端称为Nagios服务器端,而将远程被监控的主机称为Nagios客户端。
Nagios监控远程主机的方法有多种,其方式包括SNMP,NRPE,SSH,NCSA等。这里介绍其通过NRPE监控远程Linux主机的方式。
NRPE(Nagios Remote Plugin Executor)是用于在远端服务器上运行监测命令的守护进程,它用于让Nagios监控端基于安装的方式触发远端主机上的检测命令,并将检测结果返回给监控端。而其执行的开销远低于基于SSH的检测方式,而且检测过程不需要远程主机上的系统账号信息,其安全性也高于SSH的检测方式。
2、NRPE的工作原理
NRPE有两部分组成
check_nrpe插件:位于监控主机上
nrpe daemon:运行在远程主机上,通常是被监控端agent
注意:nrpe daemon需要Nagios-plugins插件的支持,否则daemon不能做任何监控
详细的介绍NRPE的工作原理
当Nagios需要监控某个远程Linux主机的服务或者资源情况时:
首先:Nagios会运行check_nrpe这个插件,告诉它要检查什么;
其次:check_nrpe插件会连接到远程的NRPE daemon,所用的方式是SSL;
然后:NRPE daemon 会运行相应的Nagios插件来执行检查;
最后:NRPE daemon 将检查的结果返回给check_nrpe 插件,插件将其递交给nagios做处理。
二、被监控端安装Nagios-plugins插件和NRPE
1、添加nagios用户
1 [root@ClientNrpe ~] # useradd -s /sbin/nologin nagios2、安装nagios-plugins,因为NRPE依赖此插件
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 [root@ClientNrpe ~] # yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make openssl openssl-devel [root@ClientNrpe ~] # tar xf nagios-plugins-2.0.3.tar.gz [root@ClientNrpe ~] # cd nagios-plugins-2.0.3 [root@ClientNrpe nagios-plugins-2.0.3] # ./configure --with-nagios-user=nagios --with-nagios-group=nagios [root@ClientNrpe nagios-plugins-2.0.3] # make && make install #注意:如何要监控mysql 需要添加 --with-mysql3、安装NRPE
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 [root@ClientNrpe ~] # tar xf nrpe-2.15.tar.gz [root@ClientNrpe ~] # cd nrpe-2.15 [root@ClientNrpe nrpe-2.15] # ./configure --with-nrpe-user=nagios \ > --with-nrpe-group=nagios \ > --with-nagios-user=nagios \ > --with-nagios-group=nagios \ > -- enable - command -args \ > -- enable -ssl [root@ClientNrpe nrpe-2.15] # make all [root@ClientNrpe nrpe-2.15] # make install-plugin [root@ClientNrpe nrpe-2.15] # make install-daemon [root@ClientNrpe nrpe-2.15] # make install-daemon-config4、配置NRPE
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 [root@ClientNrpe ~] # grep -v '^#' /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg |sed '/^$/d' log_facility=daemon pid_file= /var/run/nrpe .pid server_port=5666 #监听的端口 nrpe_user=nagios nrpe_group=nagios allowed_hosts=192.168.0.105 #允许的地址通常是Nagios服务器端 dont_blame_nrpe=0 allow_bash_command_substitution=0 debug=0 command_timeout=60 connection_timeout=300 command [check_users]= /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_users -w 5 -c 10 command [check_load]= /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_load -w 15,10,5 -c 30,25,20 command [check_hda1]= /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_disk -w 20% -c 10% -p /dev/hda1 command [check_zombie_procs]= /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_procs -w 5 -c 10 -s Z command [check_total_procs]= /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_procs -w 150 -c 200
5、启动NRPE
1 2 3 4 5 #以守护进程的方式启动 [root@ClientNrpe ~] # /usr/local/nagios/bin/nrpe -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg -d [root@ClientNrpe ~] # netstat -tulpn | grep nrpe tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5666 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 22597 /nrpe tcp 0 0 :::5666 :::* LISTEN 22597 /nrpe
有两种方式用于管理nrpe服务,nrpe有两种运行模式:
1 2 -i # Run as a service under inetd or xinetd -d # Run as a standalone daemon
可以为nrpe编写启动脚本,使得nrpe以standard alone方式运行:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 [root@ClientNrpe ~] # cat /etc/init.d/nrped #!/bin/bash # chkconfig: 2345 88 12 # description: NRPE DAEMON NRPE= /usr/local/nagios/bin/nrpe NRPECONF= /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe .cfg case "$1" in start) echo -n "Starting NRPE daemon..." $NRPE -c $NRPECONF -d echo " done." ;; stop) echo -n "Stopping NRPE daemon..." pkill -u nagios nrpe echo " done." ;; restart) $0 stop sleep 2 $0 start ;; *) echo "Usage: $0 start|stop|restart" ;; esac exit 0 [root@ClientNrpe ~] # chmod +x /etc/init.d/nrped [root@ClientNrpe ~] # chkconfig --add nrped [root@ClientNrpe ~] # chkconfig nrped on [root@ClientNrpe ~] # service nrped start Starting NRPE daemon... done . [root@ClientNrpe ~] # netstat -tnlp Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID /Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1031 /sshd tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1108 /master tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5666 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 22597 /nrpe tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1031 /sshd tcp 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1108 /master tcp 0 0 :::5666 :::* LISTEN 22597 /nrpe
三、监控端安装NRPE
1、安装NRPE
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 [root@Nagios ~] # tar xf nrpe-2.15.tar.gz [root@Nagios ~] # cd nrpe-2.15 [root@Nagios nrpe-2.15] # ./configure > --with-nrpe-user=nagios \ > --with-nrpe-group=nagios \ > --with-nagios-user=nagios \ > --with-nagios-group=nagios \ > -- enable - command -args \ > -- enable -ssl [root@Nagios nrpe-2.15] # make all [root@Nagios nrpe-2.15] # make install-plugin #安装完成后,会在Nagios安装目录的libexec下生成check_nrpe的插件 [root@Nagios ~] # cd /usr/local/nagios/libexec/ [root@Nagios libexec] # ll -d check_nrpe -rwxrwxr-x. 1 nagios nagios 76769 9月 28 08:07 check_nrpe
2、check_nrpe的用法
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 [root@Nagios libexec] # ./check_nrpe -h NRPE Plugin for Nagios Copyright (c) 1999-2008 Ethan Galstad (nagios@nagios.org) Version: 2.15 Last Modified: 09-06-2013 License: GPL v2 with exemptions (-l for more info) SSL /TLS Available: Anonymous DH Mode, OpenSSL 0.9.6 or higher required Usage: check_nrpe -H <host> [ -b <bindaddr> ] [-4] [-6] [-n] [-u] [-p <port>] [-t <timeout>] [-c < command >] [-a <arglist...>] Options: -n = Do no use SSL -u = Make socket timeouts return an UNKNOWN state instead of CRITICAL <host> = The address of the host running the NRPE daemon <bindaddr> = bind to local address -4 = user ipv4 only -6 = user ipv6 only [port] = The port on which the daemon is running (default=5666) [timeout] = Number of seconds before connection times out (default=10) [ command ] = The name of the command that the remote daemon should run [arglist] = Optional arguments that should be passed to the command . Multiple arguments should be separated by a space. If provided, this must be the last option supplied on the command line. Note: This plugin requires that you have the NRPE daemon running on the remote host. You must also have configured the daemon to associate a specific plugin command with the [ command ] option you are specifying here. Upon receipt of the [ command ] argument, the NRPE daemon will run the appropriate plugin command and send the plugin output and return code back to *this* plugin. This allows you to execute plugins on remote hosts and 'fake' the results to make Nagios think the plugin is being run locally. 1 2 3 4 5 通过NRPE监控远程Linux主机要使用chech_nrpe插件进行,其语法格式如下: check_nrpe -H <host> [-n] [-u] [-p <port>] [-t <timeout>] [-c < command >] [-a <arglist...>] [root@Nagios libexec] # ./check_nrpe -H 192.168.0.81 NRPE v2.15
3、定义命令
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 [root@Nagios ~] # cd /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/ [root@Nagios objects] # vim commands.cfg #增加到末尾行 define command { command_name check_nrpe command_line $USER1$ /check_nrpe -H "$HOSTADDRESS$" -c "$ARG1$" }
4、定义服务
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 [root@Nagios objects] # cp windows.cfg linhost.cfg [root@Nagios objects] # grep -v '^#' linhost.cfg |sed '/^$/d' define host{ use linux-server host_name linhost alias My Linux Server address 192.168.0.81 } define service{ use generic-service host_name linhost service_description CHECK USER check_command check_nrpe!check_users } define service{ use generic-service host_name linhost service_description Load check_command check_nrpe!check_load } define service{ use generic-service host_name linhost service_description SDA1 check_command check_nrpe!check_hda1 } define service{ use generic-service host_name linhost service_description Zombie check_command check_nrpe!check_zombie_procs } define service{ use generic-service host_name linhost service_description Total procs check_command check_nrpe!check_total_procs }
这里重点说下,Nagios服务端定义服务的命令完全是根据被监控端NRPE中内置的监控命令,如下图所示
5、启动所定义的命令和服务
1 2 3 [root@Nagios ~] # vim /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg #增加一行 cfg_file= /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/linhost .cfg
6、配置文件语法检查
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 [root@Nagios ~] # service nagios configtest Nagios Core 4.0.7 Copyright (c) 2009-present Nagios Core Development Team and Community Contributors Copyright (c) 1999-2009 Ethan Galstad Last Modified: 06-03-2014 License: GPL Website: http: //www .nagios.org Reading configuration data... Read main config file okay... Read object config files okay... Running pre-flight check on configuration data... Checking objects... Checked 20 services. Checked 3 hosts. Checked 2 host groups . Checked 0 service groups . Checked 1 contacts. Checked 1 contact groups . Checked 26 commands. Checked 5 time periods. Checked 0 host escalations. Checked 0 service escalations. Checking for circular paths... Checked 3 hosts Checked 0 service dependencies Checked 0 host dependencies Checked 5 timeperiods Checking global event handlers... Checking obsessive compulsive processor commands... Checking misc settings... Total Warnings: 0 Total Errors: 0 Things look okay - No serious problems were detected during the pre-flight check Object precache file created: /usr/local/nagios/var/objects .precache
7、重新启动nagios服务
1 2 3 4 [root@Nagios ~] # service nagios restart Running configuration check... Stopping nagios: done . Starting nagios: done .
8、打开Nagios web监控页面
1)首先点击【Hosts】查看监控主机状态是否为UP
2)其次点击【Services】查看各监控服务的状态是否为OK
注意:在监控新添加的主机linhost;出现状态为CRITICAL,提示没有那个文件或目录。下面是解决办法
在监控Linhost主机时出现一个CRITICAL的警告,查找解决办法
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 ###被监控端修改NRPE配置文件并重启NRPE服务 [root@ClientNrpe etc] # vim nrpe.cfg command [check_sda1]= /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_disk -w 20% -c 10% -p /dev/sda1 [root@ClientNrpe etc] # service nrped restart ###监控端修改linhost.cfg配置文件并重启nagios和httpd服务 [root@Nagios objects] # vim linhost.cfg #注释:原来这里是hda1,现在修改成sda1 define service{ use generic-service host_name linhost service_description SDA1 check_command check_nrpe!check_sda1 } [root@Nagios ~] # service nagios restart Running configuration check... Stopping nagios: done . Starting nagios: done . [root@Nagios ~] # service httpd restart 停止 httpd: [确定] 正在启动 httpd: [确定]
再次点击【services】即为刷新页面,查看如下图所示:
时间:2014-12-26
更新一个监控httpd服务的错误
今天在看日志的时候,在nginx的错误日志中发现很多一样的错误日志,起初是因为其它php程序的bug呢,后来跟开发人员讨论,排除了这个问题,于是就到Google上搜索,才知道原来是监控上配置文件的问题?
错误日志截图:
解决办法参考这篇文章:
http://forum.joomla.org/viewtopic.php?t=666220
本文出自 “郑彦生” 博客,请务必保留此出处http://467754239.blog.51cto.com/4878013/1558897