//reference: http://blog.csdn.net/hackbuteer1/article/details/7475622
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
class Time
{
public:
int hour;
int minute;
int second;
protected:
private:
};
Time t1={14,56,30};
class A
{
public:
void foo()
{
printf("A foo()\n");
}
virtual void fun()
{
printf("A virtual fun()\n");
}
};
class B : public A
{
public:
void foo()
{
printf("B foo()\n");
}
void fun()
{
printf("B virtual fun()\n");
}
};
class Base
{
public:
virtual void f(float x)
{
cout<<"Base::f(float)"<< x <<endl;
}
void g(float x)
{
cout<<"Base::g(float)"<< x <<endl;
}
void h(float x)
{
cout<<"Base::h(float)"<< x <<endl;
}
};
class Derived : public Base
{
public:
//Derived::f(float)覆盖了Base::f(float)。
virtual void f(float x)
{
cout<<"Derived::f(float)"<< x <<endl; //多态、覆盖
}
//Derived::g(int)隐藏了Base::g(float)，而不是重载
void g(int x)
{
cout<<"Derived::g(int)"<< x <<endl; //隐藏，不是重载
}
//Derived::h(float)隐藏了Base::h(float)，而不是覆盖。
void h(float x)
{
cout<<"Derived::h(float)"<< x <<endl; //隐藏
}
};
class Shape//形状
{
public:
virtual void DrawSelf()//绘制自己
{
cout << "我是一个什么也绘不出的图形" << endl;
}
};
class Polygo:public Shape//多边形
{
public:
virtual void DrawSelf()
{
cout << "连接各顶点" << endl;
}
};
class Circ:public Shape//圆
{
public:
virtual void DrawSelf() //绘制自己
{
cout << "以圆心和半径为依据画弧" << endl;
}
};
void OutputShape( Shape arg)//专门负责调用形状的绘制自己的函数
{
arg.DrawSelf();
}
void OutputShape1( Shape& arg)//专门负责调用形状的绘制自己的函数
{
arg.DrawSelf();
}
void displayShape(Shape *arg)
{
arg->DrawSelf();
}
int my_add(int a, int b)
{
return a + b;
}
int my_add(int a, std::string b)
{
return a + atoi(b.c_str());
}
//宏多态, 带变量的宏可以实现一种初级形式的静态多态
#define ADD(A, B) ((A) + (B))
class Vehicle
{
public:
virtual void run() const = 0; //纯虚函数，该类为抽象类，不能实例化对象
};
// 派生于Vehicle的具体类Car
class Car: public Vehicle
{
public:
virtual void run() const
{
std::cout << "run a car\n";
}
};
class Airplane: public Vehicle
{
public:
virtual void run() const
{
std::cout << "run a airplane\n";
}
void add_oil() const
{
std::cout << "add oil to airplane\n";
}
};
class Airship: public Vehicle
{
public:
virtual void run() const
{
std::cout << "run a airship\n";
}
void add_oil() const
{
std::cout << "add oil to airship\n";
}
};
void run_vehicle(const Vehicle* vehicle)
{
vehicle->run(); // 根据vehicle的具体类型调用对应的run()
}
// run异质vehicles集合
void run_vehicles(const std::vector<Vehicle*>&vehicles)
{
for (int i = 0; i < vehicles.size(); i++)
{
vehicles[i]->run();
}
}
// 为某种特定的aircrafts同质对象集合进行“空中加油”
template <typename Aircraft>
void add_oil_to_aircrafts_in_the_sky(const std::vector<Aircraft>& aircrafts)
{
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < aircrafts.size(); i++)
{
aircrafts[i].add_oil();
}
};
//静态多态
class SCar
{
public:
void run() const
{
std::cout << "run a SCar\n";
}
};
class SAirplane
{
public:
void run() const
{
std::cout << "run a SAirplane\n";
}
};
// 通过引用而run任何vehicle
template <typename Vehicle>
void run_svehicle(const Vehicle& vehicle)
{
vehicle.run(); // 根据vehicle的具体类型调用对应的run()
}
// run同质vehicles集合
template <typename Vehicle>
void run_svehicles(const std::vector<Vehicle>& vehicles)
{
for (unsigned int i = 0; i < vehicles.size(); i++)
{
vehicles[i].run();
}
}
int main()
{
//A a;
//B b;
//a.foo();
//a.fun();
//b.foo();
//b.fun();
//A *p = &a;
//p->foo();
//p->fun();
//p = &b;
//p->foo();
//p->fun();
//B *ptr = (B *)&a;
//ptr->foo();
//ptr->fun();
//cout<<endl;
//Derived d;
//Base *pb = &d;
//Derived *pd = &d;
//pb->f(3.14f); //Derived, 多态
//pd->f(3.14f); //Derived
//pb->g(3.14f); //Base
//pd->g(3.14f); //Derived
//pb->h(3.14f); //Base
//pd->h(3.14f); //Derived
Polygo shape1;
Circ shape2;
shape1.DrawSelf();
shape2.DrawSelf();
displayShape(&shape1);
displayShape(&shape2);
OutputShape1(shape1);
OutputShape1(shape2);
//向上转型中的子类型信息丢失
OutputShape(shape1);
OutputShape(shape2);
int i = my_add(1, 2); // 两个整数相加
int s = my_add(1, "2"); // 一个整数和一个字符串相加
std::cout << "i = " << i << "\n";
std::cout << "s = " << s << "\n";
int i1(1), i2(2);
string s1("Hello, "), s2("world!");
int is = ADD(i1, i2);
string ss = ADD(s1, s2);
cout<<"is = "<<is<<endl;
cout<<"ss = "<<ss<<endl;
cout<<ADD(3, 9.3434)<<endl;
cout<<ADD(2, 3434.f)<<endl;
cout<<ADD("sdf", 8)<<endl;
cout<<ADD("sdf", '2')<<endl;
cout<<ADD('A', 32)<<endl;
cout<<ADD('A', '0')<<endl;
Car car;
Airplane airplane;
run_vehicle(&car); // 调用Car::run()
run_vehicle(&airplane); // 调用Airplane::run()
std::vector<Vehicle*>v;
v.push_back(&car);
v.push_back(&airplane);
run_vehicles(v);
cout<<endl;
Car car11, car12;
Airplane airplane11, airplane12;
Airship airship11, airship12;
std::vector<Vehicle*> v1; // 异质vehicles集合
v1.push_back(&car11);
v1.push_back(&airplane11);
v1.push_back(&airship11);
run_vehicles(v1); // run不同种类的vehicles
std::vector<Airplane> vp;
vp.push_back(airplane11);
vp.push_back(airplane12);
add_oil_to_aircrafts_in_the_sky(vp); // 为airplanes进行“空中加油”
std::vector<Airship> vs1;
vs1.push_back(airship11);
vs1.push_back(airship12);
add_oil_to_aircrafts_in_the_sky(vs1); // 为airships进行“空中加油”
cout<<endl;
SCar scar;
SAirplane sairplane;
run_svehicle(scar); // 调用Car::run()
run_svehicle(sairplane); // 调用Airplane::run()
cout<<endl;
SCar car1, car2, car3;
SAirplane airplane1, airplane2, airplane3;
std::vector<SCar> vc;
vc.push_back(car1);
vc.push_back(car2);
vc.push_back(car3);
//vc.push_back(airplane1);
run_svehicles(vc);
std::vector<SAirplane> vs;
vs.push_back(airplane1);
vs.push_back(airplane2);
vs.push_back(airplane3);
run_svehicles(vs);
return 0;
}
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