1.常规配置：
此处参照博客：http://blog.csdn.net/cocojiji5/article/details/1601428
每一个站的WEB-INF下都有一个web.xml的设定文件，它提供了我们站台的配置设定.
web.xml定义： .站台的名称和说明 .针对环境参数(Context)做初始化工作 .Servlet的名称和映射 .Session的设定 .Tag library的对映 .JSP网页设定 .Mime Type处理 .错误处理 .利用JDNI取得站台资源
要了解web.xml的设定值，必须了解它的schema,从web.xml中知道它的schema是由Sum Microsystems公司定制的，如果你想更为详细的了解它， 可以到http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-mapp_2_5.xsd网页，那里有更为详细的介绍。这里我介绍我们平常见得最都的. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" version="2.5">
<web-app> 这是一般在写XML时所做的声明,定义了XML的版本，编码格式,还有重要的指明schema的来源,为http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee /web-app_2_5.xsd.
<description>,<display-name>,<icon> ____________________________________________
<description>站台描述</discription> 对站台做出描述.
<display-name>站台名称</display-name> 定义站台的名称.
<icon> icon元素包含small-icon和large-icon两个子元素.用来指定web站台中小图标和大图标的路径. <small-icon>/路径/smallicon.gif</small-icon> small-icon元素应指向web站台中某个小图标的路径,大小为16 X 16 pixel,但是图象文件必须为GIF或JPEG格式,扩展名必须为:.gif或 .jpg.
<large-icon>/路径/largeicon-jpg</large-icon> large-icon元素应指向web站台中某个大图表路径,大小为32 X 32 pixel,但是图象文件必须为GIF或JPEG的格式,扩展名必须为; gif 或jpg.
范例: <display-name>Develop Example</display-name> <description>JSP 2.0 Tech Book's Examples</description> <icon> <small-icon>/images/small.gif</small-icon> <large-icon>/images/large.gir</large-icon> </icon>
<distributable> ______________________________________
<distributable> distributable 元素为空标签,它的存在与否可以指定站台是否可分布式处理.如果web.xml中出现这个元素,则代表站台在开发时已经 被设计为能在多个JSP Container 之间分散执行. 范例: <distributable/>
<context-param> ___________________________________
<context-param> context-param 元素用来设定web站台的环境参数(context),它包含两个子元素: param-name和param-value. <param-name>参数名称</param-name> 设定Context名称 <param-value>值</param-value> 设定Context名称的值 </context-param> 范例: <context-param> <param-name>param_name</param-name> <param-value>param_value</param-value> </context-param> 此所设定的参数,在JSP网页中可以使用下列方法来取得: ${initParam.param_name} 若在Servlet可以使用下列方法来获得: String param_name=getServletContext().getInitParamter("param_name");
<filter> _________________________________ filter元素用来声明filter的相关设定.filter元素除了下面介绍的的子元素之外,还包括<servlet>介绍过的<icon>,<display-name> ,<description>,<init-param>,其用途一样. <filter-name>Filter的名称</filter-name> 定义Filter的名称. <filter-class>Filter的类名称</filter-class> 定义Filter的类名称.例如:com.foo.hello </filter>
范例: <filter> <filter-name>setCharacterEncoding</filter-name> <filter-class>coreservlet.javaworld.CH11.SetCharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>GB2312</param-value> </init-param> </filter>
<filter-mapping> ______________________________________ <filter-mapping> filter-mapping 元素的两个主要子元素filter-name和url-pattern.用来定义Filter所对应的URL. <filter-name>Filter的名称</filter-name> 定义Filter的名称. <url-pattern>URL</url-pattern> Filter所对应的RUL.例如:<url-pattern>/Filter/Hello</url-pattern>
<servlet-name>Servlet的名称<servlet-name> 定义servlet的名称. <dispatcher>REQUEST|INCLUDE|FORWARD|ERROR</disaptcher> 设定Filter对应的请求方式,有RQUEST,INCLUDE,FORWAR,ERROR四种,默认为REQUEST. </filter-mapping> 范例: <filter-mapping> <filter-name>GZIPEncoding</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping>
<listener> ___________________________________________ <listener> listener元素用来定义Listener接口,它的主要子元素为<listener-class> <listen-class>Listener的类名称</listener-class> 定义Listener的类名称.例如: com.foo.hello <listener> 范例: <listener> <listener-class>coreservlet.javaworld.CH11.ContenxtListener</listener-class> </listener>
<servlet-mapping> _____________________________________________ servlet-mapping元素包含两个子元素servlet-name和url-pattern.用来定义servlet所对应URL. <servlet-name>Servlet的名称</servlet-name> 定义Servlet的名称. <url-pattern>Servlet URL</url-pattern> 定义Servlet所对应的RUL.例如:<url-pattern>/Servlet/Hello</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> 范例: <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>LoginChecker</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/LoginChecker</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
<session-cofing> __________________________________ <session-config> session-config包含一个子元素session-timeout.定义web站台中的session参数. <session-timeout>分钟</session-timeout> 定义这个web站台所有session的有效期限.单位为分钟. </session-config> 范例: <session-config> <session-timeout>20</session-timeout> </session-config>
<mime-mapping> ___________________________________________________ <mima-mapping> mime-mapping包含两个子元素extension和mime-type.定义某一个扩展名和某一MIME Type做对映. <extension>扩展名名称</extension> 扩展名称 <mime-type>MIME格式</mime-type> MIME格式. </mime-mapping> 范例: <mime-mapping> <extension>doc</extension> <mime-type>application/vnd.ms-word</mime-type> </mime-mapping> <mime-mapping> <extension>xls</extension> <mime-type>application/vnd.ms-excel</mime-type> </mime-mapping> <mime-mapping> <extension>ppt</extesnion> <mime-type>application/vnd.ms-powerpoint</mime-type> </mime-mapping>
说明：<mime-mapping>主要是用在下载的地方，如果你的web项目没有下载这个模块,<mime-mapping>可以不用配置的，
如果有下载的模块，但是没有配置，那么别人点下载的时候，会打开一个新窗口，而且多数情况下是乱码。有该配置后，就可以用迅雷，flashGet等来下载，也可以目标另存为来下载文件，
在我的之前博客：2010-11-12 “下载的原理" 里面已有详细介绍给块。
<welcome-file-list> _____________________________________________ <welcome-file-list> welcome-file-list包含一个子元素welcome-file.用来定义首页列单. <welcome-file>用来指定首页文件名称</welcome-flie> welcome-file用来指定首页文件名称.我们可以用<welcome-file>指定几个首页,而服务器会依照设定的顺序来找首页. 范例: <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list>
<error-page> _________________________ <error-page> error-page元素包含三个子元素error-code,exception-type和location.将错误代码(Error Code)或异常(Exception)的种类对应 到web站台资源路径. <error-code>错误代码</error-code> HTTP Error code,例如: 404 <exception-type>Exception</exception-type> 一个完整名称的Java异常类型 <location>/路径</location> 在web站台内的相关资源路径 </error-page> 范例: <error-page> <error-code>404</error-code> <location>/error404.jsp</location> </error-page> <error-page> <exception-type>java.lang.Exception</exception-type> <location>/except.jsp</location> </error-page>
<jsp-config> _______________________________________________ <jsp-config> jsp-config元素主要用来设定JSP的相关配置,<jsp:config>包括<taglib>和<jsp-property-group>两个子元素.其中<taglib>元素 在JSP 1.2时就已经存在了;而<jsp-property-group>是JSP 2.0新增的元素.
<taglib> taglib元素包含两个子元素taglib-uri和taglib-location.用来设定JSP网页用到的Tag Library路径. <taglib-uri>URI</taglib-uri> taglib-uri定义TLD文件的URI,JSP网页的taglib指令可以经由这个URI存取到TLD文件. <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/lib/xxx.tld</taglib-laction> TLD文件对应Web站台的存放位置. </taglib>
<jsp-property-group> jsp-property-group元素包含8个元素,分别为: <description>Description</descrition> 此设定的说明
<display-name>Name</display-name> 此设定的名称
<url-pattern>URL</url-pattern> 设定值所影响的范围,如:/CH2 或者/*.jsp
<el-ignored>true|false</el-ignored> 若为true,表示不支持EL语法.
<scripting-invalid>true|false</scripting-invalid> 若为true表示不支持<%scription%>语法.
<page-encoding>encoding</page-encoding> 设定JSP网页的编码
<include-prelude>.jspf</include-prelude> 设置JSP网页的抬头,扩展名为.jspf
<include-coda>.jspf</include-coda> 设置JSP网页的结尾,扩展名为.jspf </jsp-property-group> </jsp-config> 范例: <jsp-config> <taglib> <taglib-uri>Taglib</taglib-uri> <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tlds/MyTaglib.tld</taglib-location> </taglib> <jsp-property-group> <description> Special property group for JSP Configuration JSP example. </description> <display-name>JSPConfiguration</display-name> <uri-pattern>/*</uri-pattern> <el-ignored>true</el-ignored> <page-encoding>GB2312</page-encoding> <scripting-inivalid>true</scripting-inivalid> ............ </jsp-property-group> </jsp-config>
<resource-ref> ________________________________________________ <resource-ref> resource-ref元素包括五个子元素description,res-ref-name,res-type,res-auth,res-sharing-scope.利用JNDI取得站台可 利用资源. <description>说明</description> 资源说明
<rec-ref-name>资源名称</rec-ref-name> 资源名称
<res-type>资源种类</res-type> 资源种类
<res-auth>Application|Container</res-auth> 资源由Application或Container来许可
<res-sharing-scope>Shareable|Unshareable</res-sharing-scope> 资源是否可以共享.默认值为 Shareable 范例: <resource-ref> <description>JNDI JDBC DataSource of JSPBook</description> <res-ref-name>jdbc/sample_db</res-ref-name> <res-type>javax.sql.DataSoruce</res-type> <res-auth>Container</res-auth> </resource-ref>
这些都是些比较常用的,详细可以登录: http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd
2.以前的一个项目Spring MVC + freemarker的web.xml的完整配置：
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" version="2.5">
<display-name>AAAA Web Application</display-name>
<context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value> classpath*:applicationContext-dao.xml classpath*:applicationContext-datasource.xml classpath:applicationContext-resources.xml classpath*:applicationContext-service.xml /WEB-INF/applicationContext-filter.xml /WEB-INF/applicationContext-security.xml </param-value> </context-param>
<context-param> <param-name>webAppRootKey</param-name> <param-value>AAAA_web.root</param-value> </context-param>
<context-param> <param-name>log4jConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:log4j.properties</param-value> </context-param>
<filter> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name> <param-value>true</param-value> </init-param> </filter>
<filter-mapping> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <!-- 分发服务器服务、和订购消息服务、暂时屏蔽 <filter> <filter-name>AAAANotifyFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>AAAANotifyFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/notify.html</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <filter> <filter-name>AAAACallbackFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>AAAACallbackFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/callback.shtml</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> --> <!-- <filter> <filter-name>openSessionInViewFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>openSessionInViewFilter</filter-name> <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name> </filter-mapping> --> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.Log4jConfigListener</listener-class> </listener>
<listener> <listener-class> org.springframework.web.util.IntrospectorCleanupListener</listener-class> </listener>
<listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener>
<servlet> <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet>
<servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.html</url-pattern> <url-pattern>*.shtml</url-pattern> <url-pattern>/track/*</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
<!-- <servlet>--> <!-- <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>--> <!-- <servlet-class>org.mortbay.jetty.servlet.DefaultServlet</servlet-class>--> <!-- <init-param>--> <!-- <param-name>useFileMappedBuffer</param-name>--> <!-- <param-value>false</param-value>--> <!-- </init-param>--> <!-- <load-on-startup>0</load-on-startup>--> <!-- </servlet>-->
<filter> <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class> </filter>
<filter-mapping> <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name> <url-pattern>*.shtml</url-pattern> </filter-mapping>
<session-config> <session-timeout>30</session-timeout> </session-config>
<error-page> <error-code>500</error-code> <location>/500.html</location> </error-page> <error-page> <error-code>403</error-code> <location>/403.html</location> </error-page> </web-app>
3.以前的SSH架构 ，加了spring，加了freemarker的web.xml配置：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
<display-name>网创运营平台</display-name> <context-param> <!-- spring配置文件 --> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value> </context-param>
<!-- Spring Security <filter> <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> OpenSessionInViewFilter --> <!-- 字符编码过滤器 --> <filter> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name> <param-value>true</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <filter> <filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>singleSession</param-name> <param-value>true</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <!-- System Auth Filter --> <filter> <filter-name>AuthFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>cn.com.ecenter.system.interceptors.AuthFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter> <filter-name>osivFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>cn.com.ecenter.system.util.OpenSessionInViewFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>singleSession</param-name> <param-value>true</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <!-- struts2 --> <filter> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>actionPackages</param-name> <param-value>cn.com.ecenter.dragonclaws.action</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>*.jsp</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>*.shtml</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>AuthFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>AuthFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>*.shtml</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>AuthFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/pages/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>AuthFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/views/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>osivFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/system/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <url-pattern>*.jsp</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <!-- Spring Framework --> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <!-- ServletContextListener，需要服务器启动时加载的 --> <listener> <listener-class>cn.com.ecenter.dragonclaws.web.WebContextListerner</listener-class> </listener> <!-- 兼容ftl --> <servlet> <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.shtml</url-pattern> <url-pattern>/track/*</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet> <display-name>ElFinderServlet</display-name> <servlet-name>ElFinderServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>cn.com.ecenter.elfinder.ElFinderServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet> <servlet-name>ShowImageServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>cn.com.ecenter.dragonclaws.util.ShowImageServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>ElFinderServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/ElFinderServlet</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>ShowImageServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/ShowImageServlet</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <!-- jFreeChart add by xiongt 20110616 --> <servlet> <servlet-name>DisplayChart</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.jfree.chart.servlet.DisplayChart</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>DisplayChart</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/DisplayChart</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <session-config> <session-timeout>1200</session-timeout> </session-config> <!--<jsp-config> <jsp-property-group> <url-pattern>*.jsp</url-pattern> <trim-directive-whitespaces>true</trim-directive-whitespaces> </jsp-property-group> </jsp-config>--> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> <login-config> <auth-method>BASIC</auth-method> </login-config> </web-app> 最后，请读者慢慢品味其中差异。
