CentOS-6.7安装KVM及创建ubuntu14.04-server虚拟机

1、安装环境说明

物理主机 笔记本电脑 windows 7物理网卡 ip 192.168.8.154第一层虚拟平台 VMWare 12.00 + CentOS 6.7虚拟网卡NAT ip 192.168.160.236第二层虚拟平台 KVM + Ubuntu 14.04 server虚拟网卡 bridge ip 192.168.160.222

2、CentOS 6.7安装KVM

开启CPU的虚拟化功能 如下图所示，在虚拟机设置的cpu选项里勾选“”虚拟化intel VT …“”

安装KVM # yum install qemu-kvm qemu-kvm-tools virt-manager libvirt -y # service libvirtd start # service libvirtd status # chkconfig libvirtd on 检查kvm模块安装情况 # lsmod | grep kvm kvm_intel 55656 0 kvm 345460 1 kvm_intel 检查安装结果 # virsh -c qemu:///system list

3、HOST主机Centos系统网络配置

KVM的虚拟机的网络配置主要有NAT和Bridge两种，考虑到当前部署环境采用了2层虚拟平台，尽量采用比较简化的网络配置，所以选取了bridge的模式,下面介绍如何配置host centos系统的网络接口

配置网卡eth0 修改/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 DEVICE=eth0 HWADDR=00:0C:29:93:66:94 TYPE=Ethernet UUID=449c081b-b0fe-42e4-bfe2-860b51e42575 ONBOOT=yes NM_CONTROLLED=no BRIDGE=br0 配置桥接接口br0 修改/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-br0 DEVICE="br0" ONBOOT="yes" TYPE="Bridge" BOOTPROTO=static IPADDR=192.168.160.236 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 GATEWAY=192.168.160.2 DEFROUTE=yes 重启网络服务 # service network restart 检查配置结果 # ifconfig br0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:93:66:94 inet addr:192.168.160.236 Bcast:192.168.160.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe93:6694/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:36890 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:37601 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:11208846 (10.6 MiB) TX bytes:15028640 (14.3 MiB) eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:93:66:94 inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe93:6694/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:159608 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:90148 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:176410321 (168.2 MiB) TX bytes:19391196 (18.4 MiB) 添加iptables访问规则 # iptables -I INPUT 1 -p tcp --dport 5910 -j ACCEPT

4、安装虚拟机 Ubuntu 14.04 server

创建虚拟机 # virt-install --name ubuntu \ --ram 1024 \ --vnc --vncport=5910 \ --disk path=/var/local/kvm_disk_ubuntu,size=10 \ --network bridge=br0 \ --cdrom /var/liba/ubuntu-14.04.5-server-amd64.iso \ -d

参数简单说明： –name: 虚拟机名称 –ram: 虚拟机内存大小 – vnc – vncport ：指定vnc远程访问的端口 –disk： 硬盘参数，硬盘文件的路径和大小（GB） –network： 虚拟机网卡采用桥接的方式连接br0 –cdrom： 虚拟光驱的配置及镜像文件路径 -d: 从光驱启动系统（第一次启动安装系统时需要）

安装过程中可能会碰到安装路径识别的问题ERROR Couldn’t find hvm kernel for Ubuntu tree. 修改文件/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/virtinst/OSDistro.py 906行： i386替换成amd64

虚拟机配置文件检查 配置文件路径在/etc/libvert/qemu/ubuntu.xml，最好不要直接改配置文件，通过如下命令来修改配置 # virsh edit ubuntu <domain type='kvm'> <name>ubuntu</name> <uuid>9b36bc51-1490-4cee-0f84-6c6a27145f94</uuid> <memory unit='KiB'>1048576</memory> <currentMemory unit='KiB'>1048576</currentMemory> <vcpu placement='static'>1</vcpu> <os> <type arch='x86_64' machine='rhel6.6.0'>hvm</type> <boot dev='cdrom'/> </os> <features> <acpi/> <apic/> <pae/> </features> <clock offset='utc'/> <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff> <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot> <on_crash>restart</on_crash> <devices> <emulator>/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator> <disk type='file' device='disk'> <driver name='qemu' type='raw' cache='none'/> <source file='/var/local/kvm_disk_ubuntu'/> <target dev='hda' bus='ide'/> <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='0' target='0' unit='0'/> </disk> <disk type='file' device='cdrom'> <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/> <source file='/var/local/ubuntu-14.04.5-server-amd64.iso'/> <target dev='hdc' bus='ide'/> <readonly/> <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='1' target='0' unit='0'/> </disk> <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-ehci1'> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x7'/> </controller> <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci1'> <master startport='0'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0' multifunction='on'/> </controller> <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci2'> <master startport='2'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x1'/> </controller> <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci3'> <master startport='4'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x2'/> </controller> <controller type='ide' index='0'> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x1'/> </controller> <interface type='bridge'> <mac address='52:54:00:09:90:bf'/> <source bridge='br0'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/> </interface> <serial type='pty'> <target port='0'/> </serial> <console type='pty'> <target type='serial' port='0'/> </console> <input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/> <graphics type='vnc' port='5910' autoport='no' listen='0.0.0.0'> <listen type='address' address='0.0.0.0'/> </graphics> <video> <model type='cirrus' vram='9216' heads='1'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/> </video> <memballoon model='virtio'> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0'/> </memballoon> </devices> </domain> 检查及启动虚拟机 # virsh list --all Id Name State ---------------------------------------------------- 7 ubuntu running

虚拟机相关操作

# virsh destroy ubuntu \\强制关闭 # virsh start ubuntu \\启动 通过VNC访问虚拟机 由于安装的是CentOS minimal ，不带图形界面，所以只能采用另外一台VMWare平台上的虚拟机（Ubuntu 16.04 desktop）来访问： 在Ubuntu 16.04 desktop上安装vncviewer，并远程访问: # apt-get install vncviewer # vncviewer 192.168.160.236:5910 \\ vnc port

此时会在桌面弹出一个窗口连接我们刚刚创建的ubuntu虚拟机，界面停留在系统安装上，然后按照正常的步骤安装ubuntu即可 安装完成后，进入ubuntu系统（可能需要vnc重连），配置网络地址： 编辑/etc/network/interfaces

# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system # and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5). # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # The primary network interface auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.160.222 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.160.2

重启网卡

# ifdown eth0 # ifup eth0 # ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 52:54:00:09:90:bf inet addr:192.168.160.222 Bcast:192.168.160.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::5054:ff:fe09:90bf/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:85970 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:35444 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:176808 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:119515460 (119.5 MB) TX bytes:2989853 (2.9 MB) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

安装open-ssh使用ssh远程登录虚拟机

# apt-get install openssh-server # ssh username@192.168.160.222